Kamil Galeev Profile picture
Aug 1, 2022 20 tweets 7 min read Read on X
Regarding the ethnic hierarchy in Russia. It's not some objective system like the Social Credit. There is of course a broad understanding of who stands higher or lower and the darker your skin is, the lower you are. Nevertheless, privilege and underprivilege are often situational
Example. I knew an Armenian technician from Avtovaz, the largest car producer in Russia located in Samara Oblast. His career wasn't going well and he explained it by his ethnicity:

"If I was some Tukhvatullin ("...ullin" = Tatar surname), I'd have been promoted long ago" said he
What did an Armenian technician mean by that? He didn't mean that Armenians "objectively" stand lower than Tatars. He implied that Armenians don't form a big interest group in Avtovaz. There are too few of them there to form a lobby. There is no Armenian network there to fit in
If you are Armenian, it makes sense to join the Armenian network. But in many places, like the Middle Volga machinery cluster, Armenian networks don't really exist. The Tatar ones do though. So in this specific business and area, it's situationally more advantageous to be a Tatar
Again, the more advantageous position of a Tatar over an Armenian is situational. You come to a factory and join your ethnic network. Or you come and see there's no ethnic network to join. In some other business like the medicine in Moscow, it could be the other way around though
While much of privilege and under-privilege is situational, there's an objective hierarchy, too. To put it simply, the whiter you are, the better. The darker you are, the worse. That's very clear and objective
I know it well, because I am white passing. As a result, I was never stopped by the police, or demanded a bribe. My friends who are darker are stopped literally every day.

One scenario:

Show me your documents -> We detain you for 48 hours to establish your identity [or pay us]
Another problem is accommodation. There's a lot of memes with a common topic:

"How you should look to rent an apartment in Moscow"

The context is that many (most?) adverts are "Slavs-only" (только славянам). So these memes show "perfect renters" - cartoonishly exaggerated Slavs
If you google "только славянам", you will see tons of adverts: both from landlords and from renters. This is indeed very common
That's a big topic in large Russian cities and indeed the battles are being fought over it. This complaint from a probably Azeri potential renter and the response of Avito website may be illustrative of it
Interestingly enough, the largest real estate website ЦИАН prohibited "only for Slavs" adverts in early 2022. Why?

To place an IPO at the New York Stock Exchange. They introduced measures against the ethnic discrimination, just to abide by the rules of the US capitalists
"Only for Slavs" adverts should be interpreted situationally, within the cultural context. Poles may be easily excluded. This Polish guy was surprised to find out that he doesn't satisfy the "Only for Slavs" requirement
Russian realities may look rather absurd for a Westerner. Here you see the Jewish Museum and Center for Tolerance in Moscow advert. They are looking for a bartender of "Slavic appearance"

Very tolerant, indeed. A worker doesn't need to be Slavic, just look Slavic. That's enough
If "Slavs" or people of "Slavic appearance" form the most privileged group in Russia, getting a preferential access to jobs, accommodation, career, etc, then who would occupy the lowest places?

The "Blacks". NB: "Blacks" are not Africans, those are "Negroes"
Interestingly enough, while in the English language, the N. word is offensive and the Black sounds neutral, in Russian it may be the other way around. "Negro" word may be neutral, while "Black" (черный) is always very offensive and dehumanising

These guys are obviously "Black"
"Black" is a synonym of a "wetback": the dark skinned underclass on the bottom of social ladder

I would recommend you to watch the Ravshan and Jamshut episodes here, as a crash course into the Russian ethnic hierarchy. They are the epitome of Blackness

While the Blackness has social and anthropological overtones: the dark skinned underclass from the South working on poorly paid manual jobs, it has a purely religious aspect, too. Generally speaking, Christianity kinda whitens you, while Islam makes you very much more Black
This is reflected in memes, too. Consider this photo of Kadyrov with the Fourteen Words - the white nationalist slogan.

That looks very funny. The joke is that:

1) they may seem to be white
2) while in fact, they're 100% Black

Islam makes you Black and Chechens are super Black
White vs Black dichotomy largely shapes the public consciousness and the internal discourse in Russia. Much of the right wing criticism of Putin is that he is too soft on Blacks. By the way, did you notice you never see a discussion about the criticism of Putin *from the right*?
Narrative on Russia is controlled by the media establishment of Moscow. And this media establishment is too invested into the alliance with the far right, who are advocating for a new crusade on Blackness. I'll elaborate it in my material on the "liberal" opposition. The end

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More from @kamilkazani

Feb 8
Why does Russia attack?

In 1991, Moscow faced two disobedient ethnic republics: Chechnya and Tatarstan. Both were the Muslim majority autonomies that refused to sign the Federation Treaty (1992), insisting on full sovereignty. In both cases, Moscow was determined to quell them. Image
Still, the final outcome could not be more different. Chechnya was invaded, its towns razed to the ground, its leader assassinated. Tatarstan, on the other hand, managed to sign a favourable agreement with Moscow that lasted until Putin’s era.

The question is - why. Image
Retrospectively, this course of events (obliterate Chechnya, negotiate with Tatarstan) may seem predetermined. But it was not considered as such back then. For many, including many of Yeltsin’s own partisans it came as a surprise, or perhaps even as a betrayal.

Let's see why Image
Read 24 tweets
Feb 2
On the origins of Napoleon

The single most important thing to understand regarding the background of Napoleon Bonaparte, is that he was born in the Mediterranean. And the Mediterranean, in the words of Braudel, is a sea ringed round by mountains Image
We like to slice the space horizontally, in our imagination. But what we also need to do is to slice it vertically. Until very recently, projection of power (of culture, of institutions) up had been incomparably more difficult than in literally any horizontal direction. Image
Mountains were harsh, impenetrable. They formed a sort of “internal Siberia” in this mild region. Just a few miles away, in the coastal lowland, you had olives and vineyards. Up in the highland, you could have blizzards, and many feet of snow blocking connections with the world. Image
Read 7 tweets
Jan 4
Slavonic = "Russian" religious space used to be really weird until the 16-17th cc. I mean, weird from the Western, Latin standpoint. It was not until second half of the 16th c., when the Jesuit-educated Orthodox monks from Poland-Lithuania started to rationalise & systematise it based on the Latin (Jesuit, mostly) model
One could frame the modern, rationalised Orthodoxy as a response to the Counterreformation. Because it was. The Latin world advanced, Slavonic world retreated. So, in a fuzzy borderland zone roughly encompassing what is now Ukraine-Belarus-Lithuania, the Catholic-educated Orthodox monks re-worked Orthodox institutions modeling them after the Catholic ones
By the mid-17th c. this new, Latin modeled Orthodox culture had already trickled to Muscovy. And, after the annexation of the Left Bank Ukraine in 1654, it all turned into a flood. Eventually, the Muscovite state accepted the new, Latinised Orthodoxy as the established creed, and extirpated the previous faith & the previous culture
Read 4 tweets
Dec 16, 2024
1. This book (“What is to be done?”) has been wildly, influential in late 19-20th century Russia. It was a Gospel of the Russian revolutionary left.
2. Chinese Communists succeeded the tradition of the Russian revolutionary left, or at the very least were strongly affected by it. Image
3. As a red prince, Xi Jinping has apparently been well instructed in the underlying tradition of the revolutionary left and, very plausibly, studied its seminal works.
4. In this context, him having read and studied the revolutionary left gospel makes perfect sense
5. Now the thing is. The central, seminal work of the Russian revolutionary left, the book highly valued by Chairman Xi *does* count as unreadable in modern Russia, having lost its appeal and popularity long, long, long ago.
6. In modern Russia, it is seen as old fashioned and irrelevant. Something out of museum
Read 10 tweets
Nov 30, 2024
In his “Clash of Civilizations” Samuel Huntington identified eight civilisations on this planet:

Confucian, Japanese, Hindu, Buddhist, Islamic, Western, Orthodox, Latin American, and, possibly, African

I have always found this list a bit dubious, not to say self-contradictory:Image
You know what does this Huntingtonian classification remind to me? A fictional “Chinese Encyclopaedia” by an Argentinian writer Jorge Luis Borges: Image
Classification above sounds comical. Now why would that be? That it because it lacks a consistent classification basis. The rules of formal logic prescribe us to choose a principle (e.g. size) and hold to it.

If Jorge Borges breaks this principle, so does Samuel P. Huntington.
Read 15 tweets
Nov 23, 2024
Revolution and the Jews

Literacy rates in European Russia, 1897. Obviously, the data is imperfect. Still, it represents one crucial pattern for understanding the late Russian Empire. That is the wide gap in human capital between the core of empire and its Western borderland. Image
The most literate regions of Empire are its Lutheran provinces, including Finland, Estonia & Latvia

Then goes, roughly speaking, Poland-Lithuania

Russia proper has only two clusters of high literacy: Moscow & St Petersburg. Surrounded by the vast ocean of illiterate peasantry Image
This map shows how thin was the civilisation of Russia proper comparatively speaking. We tend to imagine old Russia, as the world of nobility, palaces, balls, and duels. And that is not wrong, because this world really existed, and produced some great works of art and literature Image
Read 7 tweets

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