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Alex Xu Profile picture
@alexxubyte
Aug 15, 2022 • 8 tweets • 3 min read • Read on X
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/1 Amazon DynamoDB powered 89 million requests per second during prime days. How does it do that?

The diagrams below are my attempt to draw the latest architecture of DynamoDB based on the 2022 paper. Please leave a comment if you spot any mistakes.

A thread.👇
/2 Multi-Paxos group
/3 Write-ahead log & B-tree
/4 Periodic archive
/5 Dependencies on external service
/6 Other good reads:
DynamoDB 2022 paper: usenix.org/system/files/a…

Key Takeaways from the DynamoDB Paper by @alexbdebrie: alexdebrie.com/posts/dynamodb…

Some notes on DynamoDB 2022 paper by @dxhuang: http://_.0xffff.me/dynamodb2022.html
/7 I hope you've found this thread helpful.

Follow me @alexxubyte for more.

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More from @alexxubyte

Alex Xu Profile picture
Mar 10
What is MCP?

Why is everyone talking about it?

Let’s take a closer look.

Model Context Protocol (MCP) is a new system introduced by Anthropic to make AI models more powerful. Image
It is an open standard (also being run as an open-source project) that allows AI models (like Claude) to connect to databases, APIs, file systems, and other tools without needing custom code for each new integration.

MCP follows a client-server model with 3 key components:
1 - Host: AI applications like Claude that provide the environment for AI interactions so that different tools and data sources can be accessed. The host runs the MCP Client.
Read 7 tweets
Alex Xu Profile picture
Feb 12
How Kubernetes Works?

Kubernetes (K8S) is an open-source container orchestration platform originally developed by Google and now maintained by CNCF.

Here’s how developers interact with Kubernetes: Image
1 - Developers create manifest files describing the application.
2 - Kubernetes takes these manifest files, validates them, and deploys the applications across its cluster of worker nodes.
3 - Kubernetes manages the entire lifecycle of the application.
Kubernetes is made up of two main components:

1 - Control Plane: It is like the brain of Kubernetes and consists of the following parts:

- API Server: It receives all incoming requests from users or CLI.
Read 7 tweets
Alex Xu Profile picture
Jun 10, 2024
11 steps to go from Junior to Senior Developer Image
1 - Collaboration Tools
Software development is a social activity. Learn to use collaboration tools like Jira, Confluence, Slack, MS Teams, Zoom, etc.

2 - Programming Languages
Pick and master one or two programming languages. Choose from options like Java, Python, JavaScript, C#, Go, etc.

3 - API Development
Learn the ins and outs of API Development approaches such as REST, GraphQL, and gRPC.
4 - Web Servers and Hosting
Know about web servers as well as cloud platforms like AWS, Azure, GCP, and Kubernetes

5 - Authentication and Testing
Learn how to secure your applications with authentication techniques such as JWTs, OAuth2, etc. Also, master testing techniques like TDD, E2E Testing, and Performance Testing

6 - Databases
Learn to work with relational (Postgres, MySQL, and SQLite) and non-relational databases (MongoDB, Cassandra, and Redis).
Read 6 tweets
Alex Xu Profile picture
Jul 1, 2023
Twitter has enforced very strict rate limiting. Some people cannot even see their own tweets.

Rate limiting is a very important yet often overlooked topic. Let's use this opportunity to take a look at what it is and the most popular algorithms.

A thread.

#RateLimitExceeded
What is rate limiting? Rate limiting controls the rate at which users or services can access a resource. Here are some examples:

- A user can send a message no more than 2 per second
- One can create a maximum of 10 accounts per day from the same IP address
Fixed Window Counter

The algorithm divides the timeline into fixed-size time windows and assigns a counter for each window. Each request increments the counter by some value. Once the counter reaches the threshold, subsequent requests are blocked until the new time window begins
Read 9 tweets
Alex Xu Profile picture
May 29, 2023
/1 Our system design newsletter just reached a new milestone: 400,000 subscribers. Here are the most popular ones: 👇

Subscribe here: blog.bytebytego.com Image
/2 Understanding Database Types: blog.bytebytego.com/p/understandin… Image
/3 Password, Session, Cookie, Token, JWT, SSO, OAuth - Authentication Explained: blog.bytebytego.com/p/password-ses… Image
Read 7 tweets
Alex Xu Profile picture
May 19, 2023
/1 Free Algorithm, Git, Python, SQL, Java Books (And Many More)

These books were compiled from Stack Overflow Documentation and can be helpful for quick reference. Image
/2 The link to the books: books.goalkicker.com
/3 Subscribe to our weekly newsletter to get a Free System Design PDF (158 pages): bit.ly/42Ex9oZ Image
Read 4 tweets

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