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Alex Xu Profile picture
@alexxubyte
Aug 15, 2022 • 8 tweets • 3 min read • Read on X
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/1 Amazon DynamoDB powered 89 million requests per second during prime days. How does it do that?

The diagrams below are my attempt to draw the latest architecture of DynamoDB based on the 2022 paper. Please leave a comment if you spot any mistakes.

A thread.👇
/2 Multi-Paxos group
/3 Write-ahead log & B-tree
/4 Periodic archive
/5 Dependencies on external service
/6 Other good reads:
DynamoDB 2022 paper: usenix.org/system/files/a…

Key Takeaways from the DynamoDB Paper by @alexbdebrie: alexdebrie.com/posts/dynamodb…

Some notes on DynamoDB 2022 paper by @dxhuang: http://_.0xffff.me/dynamodb2022.html
/7 I hope you've found this thread helpful.

Follow me @alexxubyte for more.

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More from @alexxubyte

Alex Xu Profile picture
Jun 10
11 steps to go from Junior to Senior Developer Image
1 - Collaboration Tools
Software development is a social activity. Learn to use collaboration tools like Jira, Confluence, Slack, MS Teams, Zoom, etc.

2 - Programming Languages
Pick and master one or two programming languages. Choose from options like Java, Python, JavaScript, C#, Go, etc.

3 - API Development
Learn the ins and outs of API Development approaches such as REST, GraphQL, and gRPC.
4 - Web Servers and Hosting
Know about web servers as well as cloud platforms like AWS, Azure, GCP, and Kubernetes

5 - Authentication and Testing
Learn how to secure your applications with authentication techniques such as JWTs, OAuth2, etc. Also, master testing techniques like TDD, E2E Testing, and Performance Testing

6 - Databases
Learn to work with relational (Postgres, MySQL, and SQLite) and non-relational databases (MongoDB, Cassandra, and Redis).
Read 6 tweets
Alex Xu Profile picture
Jul 1, 2023
Twitter has enforced very strict rate limiting. Some people cannot even see their own tweets.

Rate limiting is a very important yet often overlooked topic. Let's use this opportunity to take a look at what it is and the most popular algorithms.

A thread.

#RateLimitExceeded
What is rate limiting? Rate limiting controls the rate at which users or services can access a resource. Here are some examples:

- A user can send a message no more than 2 per second
- One can create a maximum of 10 accounts per day from the same IP address
Fixed Window Counter

The algorithm divides the timeline into fixed-size time windows and assigns a counter for each window. Each request increments the counter by some value. Once the counter reaches the threshold, subsequent requests are blocked until the new time window begins
Read 9 tweets
Alex Xu Profile picture
May 29, 2023
/1 Our system design newsletter just reached a new milestone: 400,000 subscribers. Here are the most popular ones: 👇

Subscribe here: blog.bytebytego.com Image
/2 Understanding Database Types: blog.bytebytego.com/p/understandin… Image
/3 Password, Session, Cookie, Token, JWT, SSO, OAuth - Authentication Explained: blog.bytebytego.com/p/password-ses… Image
Read 7 tweets
Alex Xu Profile picture
May 19, 2023
/1 Free Algorithm, Git, Python, SQL, Java Books (And Many More)

These books were compiled from Stack Overflow Documentation and can be helpful for quick reference. Image
/2 The link to the books: books.goalkicker.com
/3 Subscribe to our weekly newsletter to get a Free System Design PDF (158 pages): bit.ly/42Ex9oZ Image
Read 4 tweets
Alex Xu Profile picture
May 18, 2023
/1 What is the difference between “pull” and “push” payments?

The diagram below shows how the pull and push payments work. Image
/2 🔹 When we swipe a credit/debit card at a merchant, it is a pull payment, where the money is sent from the cardholder to the merchant. The merchant pulls money from the cardholder’s account, and the cardholder approves the transaction.
/3 🔹 With Visa Direct or Mastercard Send, the push payments enable merchant, corporate, and government disbursements.

Step 1: The merchant initiates the push payment through a digital channel. It can be a mobile phone or a bank branch etc. Image
Read 9 tweets
Alex Xu Profile picture
May 15, 2023
/1 Netflix Tech Stack - Databases Image
/2 The Netflix Engineering team selects a variety of databases to empower streaming at scale.

Relational databases: Netflix chooses MySql for billing transactions, subscriptions, taxes, etc. They use CockroachDB to support a multi-region active-active architecture. Image
/3 Columnar databases: Netflix primarily uses them for analytics purposes. They utilize Redshift and Druid for structured data storage, Spark and data pipeline processing, and Tableau for data visualization. Image
Read 10 tweets

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