Many argue that only few Russians travel to Europe. Fair enough. But those in power not only travel, they're relocating. The family breadwinner must stay, but he'll send kids abroad. Zolotov commands the Russian National Guard. His grandson Artem studies in Cranleigh School, UK
Zheleznyak is one of the United Russia party leaders. His daughter Anastasia McClymont. She studied in London, worked at the BBC, married her Scottish co-worker and changed her surname from Zheleznyak to McClymont
Dmitry Peskov is the Putin's spokesman. His daughter Yelizaveta has long lived in France. She had an internship in the European Parliament, then worked in Louis Vuitton
This news from 2011 is very telling. Britain denied the ex-mayor of Moscow Luzhkov the residence permit but gave him the entry visa. To visit his family. Well, of course he had long relocated his family to London, that's kinda obvious
I gave only a few examples of well-known public figures. You can find many, many more. How does the Russian ruling class live? Head of the family, the hunter gatherer lives in Russia. But at the first opportunity he'll relocate lady and kids to Europe and try to join them later
Argument about European tourism being unimportant kinda misses the point. It is very, very important. Because the Russian ruling class lives with idea of relocating to Europe (90%) and North America (10%). If not myself than at least my kids should leave as "White People" (=well)
PS Joseph Stalin and his granddaughter. Upon father's death his daughter Svetlana moved to the USA and married an American citizen. So dictator's granddaughter Chrese Evans now lives in America. Last time I checked it was Portland, Oregon
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Fake jobs are completely normal & totally natural. The reason is: nobody understands what is happening and most certainly does not understand why. Like people, including the upper management have some idea of what is happening in an organisation, and this idea is usually wrong.
As they do not know and cannot know causal relations between the input and output, they just try to increase some sort of input, in a hope for a better output, but they do not really know which input to increase.
Insiders with deep & specific knowledge, on the other hand, may have a more clear & definite idea of what is happening, and even certain, non zero degree of understanding of causal links between the input and output
I have recently read someone comparing Trump’s tariffs with collectivisation in the USSR. I think it is an interesting comparison. I don’t think it is exactly the same thing of course. But I indeed think that Stalin’s collectivisation offers an interesting metaphor, a perspective to think about
But let’s make a crash intro first
1. The thing you need to understand about the 1920s USSR is that it was an oligarchic regime. It was not strictly speaking, an autocracy. It was a power of few grandees, of the roughly equal rank.
2. Although Joseph Stalin established himself as the single most influential grandee by 1925, that did not make him a dictator. He was simply the most important guy out there. Otherwise, he was just one of a few. He was not yet the God Emperor he would become later.
The great delusion about popular revolts is that they are provoked by bad conditions of life, and burst out when they exacerbate. Nothing can be further from truth. For the most part, popular revolts do not happen when things get worse. They occur when things turn for the better
This may sound paradoxical and yet, may be easy to explain. When the things had been really, really, really bad, the masses were too weak, to scared and too depressed to even think of raising their head. If they beared any grudges and grievances, they beared them in silence.
When things turn for the better, that is when the people see a chance to restore their pride and agency, and to take revenge for all the past grudges, and all the past fear. As a result, a turn for the better not so much pacifies the population as emboldens and radicalises it.
The first thing to understand about the Russian-Ukrainian war is that Russia did not plan a war. And it, most certainly, did not plan the protracted hostilities of the kind we are seeing today
This entire war is the regime change gone wrong.
Russia did not want a protracted war (no one does). It wanted to replace the government in Kyiv, put Ukraine under control and closely integrate it with Russia
(Operation Danube style)
One thing to understand is that Russia viewed Ukraine as a considerable asset. From the Russian perspective, it was a large and populous country populated by what was (again, from the Russian perspective) effectively the same people. Assimilatable, integratable, recruitable
In 1991, Moscow faced two disobedient ethnic republics: Chechnya and Tatarstan. Both were the Muslim majority autonomies that refused to sign the Federation Treaty (1992), insisting on full sovereignty. In both cases, Moscow was determined to quell them.
Still, the final outcome could not be more different. Chechnya was invaded, its towns razed to the ground, its leader assassinated. Tatarstan, on the other hand, managed to sign a favourable agreement with Moscow that lasted until Putin’s era.
The question is - why.
Retrospectively, this course of events (obliterate Chechnya, negotiate with Tatarstan) may seem predetermined. But it was not considered as such back then. For many, including many of Yeltsin’s own partisans it came as a surprise, or perhaps even as a betrayal.