Watched a documentary on sexuality in ancient Rome, which was based on social status rather than gender. In modern society, patriarchy is common. I would argue that the stigma on homosexuality and transgenderism exist because of the perceived status of men above women, (thread)
and the need to know which rank a person fits into in order to decide how to treat them, and whether or not a relationship with them would make one appear shameful. It is "wrong" for a woman, of lower social rank, to "pretend" to be a man. It is "wrong" for a man
to "pretend" to be a woman and potentially trick another man into behavior that is socially shameful such as sexual relations with one who is supposed to be of equal status. When you listen to the words of a homophobic or transphobic person, it usually does not take long
before you hear statements of sexism, statements of a belief that women or femininity is inferior to masculinity, and that women and men have set purposes and roles in society that they must and should adhere to for "the good" of society.
This is also why, across all modern countries that follow this as a social norm, you will find that the attitude towards lesbianism versus gay men is less severe and more one that is fetishized and seen as entertainment for men and therefore acceptable under some circumstances.
Women, in the USA, did not have the right to vote or even have their own bank accounts until well after the system of slavery (unpaid, forced labor) was abolished. Today, we have politicians advocating for birth to be mandatory for women, and for voting rights to be revoked.
This is very much the same as the status-based system of ancient Rome. The difference is that social status is not based so much on class or 'free versus slave', it is based mostly on sex. Women are meant to be servants: this is the modern-traditional and modern religious view.
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