#AAAR2022 Characterizing and Comparing Respiratory Aerosol Emission for Pre-adolescent, Adolescent, and Adults during Sustained Phonation. MAHENDER SINGH RAWAT et al. Clarkson University
Respiratory aerosol emissions.. size distribution matters, virality matters.
Motivation - respiratory aerosols well reported for adults - but less for kids / young adults
SO this work focused on the kids.
Aged based aerosol emission data is important for schools - how does the age of a kid impact their aerosol emission/production rate.
Lots of stuff changes in a growing child. How they breathe and spray out aerosols everywhere changes as their body grows.
6-11y old; 12-18y old; > 18y old
Experimental procedure - everyone participant does same SOP. Phonate. "Ahhhhhhhhhhhhhhh" and so on "Ba Ba Ba Ba Ba Ba".
neat.
neat.
Activating different respiratory modes. Bunch of happy birthdays. That kind of thing.
We use a fancy laminar hood - (remember - zero bkg matters).
Another APS
Some audio equip.
end up with particles per second data output.
Another APS
Some audio equip.
end up with particles per second data output.
We have seen that the APS takes some time to collect the particles (huh.. not a perfect instrument for 70K!)
So need to be careful about the exact timing/sampling.
So need to be careful about the exact timing/sampling.
Particle emission rates as a function of age - adults are having 2x higher than the teens and 5x higher than the elementary school kids.
Speaking is producing less than singing. Across all age groups. Adults are always beating out the teens and the kids.
Compare normal "Ahhhhhhhhh" and repeated. "Ba" - not really seeing a statistically different emission rate here.. (I think).
Different analysis for all our different vocalization - different age categories - two different modes of emissions primary mode at 0.6 um and secondary mode at 2 um.
Consistent with previous studies.
Singing is the best at making particles. Best at spreading aerosols.
Consistent with previous studies.
Singing is the best at making particles. Best at spreading aerosols.
Secondary mode - is decreasing as we go from younger children to older children ...
Adults are 2x and 5x higher emission rates than younger humans. 0.6 um bronchrial mode. Children are having slightly smaller 0.6 um mode and higher 2.0 um mode relative to adults.
(Eben: that was pretty fast, sorry if I messed it up).
(Eben: that was pretty fast, sorry if I messed it up).
Q&A: Puberty is changing the vocal fold and that is changing the particle emission rate (number concentration and size distribution).
Q&A: Something to do with tidal volume. Comfortable deep breathing is tricky to get everyone to do that exactly the same. Exhaling residual volume comment - some physio that I don't really understand.
Q&A: why is the secondary mode 2 um high rel fraction in kids than adults?
Secondary mode - kids are producing particles from lower pressures (rel to adults) less from their diaphragm region...
(me) again machinery of human body that I am clueless about.
Secondary mode - kids are producing particles from lower pressures (rel to adults) less from their diaphragm region...
(me) again machinery of human body that I am clueless about.
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