Amit Schandillia Profile picture
Oct 8, 2022 12 tweets 4 min read Read on X
[QQT: MUNSHI PREMCHAND IN PICS]
1/12
Today is Munshi Premchand’s 86th death anniversary. The literary behemoth served Hindi without a trace of chauvinism and long before there were private jets. Here’s a peek into his Spartan life through some lesser-seen pictures… Image
2/12
Premchand was born in Lamhi, a tiny village near Varanasi. Here’s the home where it happened… Image
3/12
He was first married when just 15, but the marriage didn’t last. Then he remarried in 1906. Shivarani Devi remained his wife for the rest of her life. She died in 1936. Image
4/12
In August 1916, Premchand arrived at Gorakhpur’s Normal High School as its newly promoted Assistant Master. He’d serve the institution for five years. Gorakhpur, incidentally, also happens to be where he composed his first ever work in Hindi, unfortunately lost today. Image
5/12
Not all’s lost though. Here’s a small part of another manuscript in his own hand… Image
6/12
For a while Premchand rented a room on the upper floor of this mansion in Lucknow’s Benia Bagh. Next to the house was a garden where he’d go for walks with Jaishankar Prasad. Image
7/12
In 1930, Premchand started publishing a Hindi literature periodical named Hans (Swan). Here’s the cover of its first copy… Image
8/12
Summer residence of Bhartendu Harishchandra where Premchand came to stay in 1936. The outhouse to the right is where he’d set up his publishing enterprise called Saraswati Press. Image
9/12
At a writers’ summit with Jawaharlal Nehru and his wife. Also seen are Jaishankar Prasad and Ramchandra Shukla, among others. Image
10/12
Later, having secured enough financial independence, he built a new home for his family in Lamhi, his birthplace. Image
11/12
Although best known for his work in Hindi literature, Premchand was also fluent in Farsi and English. Knowledge of English those days wasn’t seen as a matter of inferiority or superiority. Here’s a letter he wrote in the language… Image
12/12
All pictures courtesy Poshan Pa.
poshampa.org/premchand-rare…

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More from @Schandillia

Sep 22, 2024
THREAD: 8200

1/50
In January 2010, officials of the International Atomic Energy Agency or IAEA noticed strange goings-on at the uranium enrichment plant at Natanz, about 200 miles south of Tehran. The centrifuges at the facility were being decommissioned at an unusual rate.
2/50
Centrifuges are fragile and tend to break down, with an estimated 10% annual failure rate. In November 2009, there were 8,700 at this facility, so around 800 were expected to fail by the end of 2010. But this was still January, and the inspectors had already counted 2,000.
3/50
Before we go on, it’s important to understand some elementary concepts here. There are two uranium isotopes, U235 and U238. While both are radioactive, U235 is far preferred than its heavier sibling in nuclear applications, both civilian and military.
Read 97 tweets
Sep 18, 2024
[THE FORGOTTEN MASTERSTROKE]
1/25
Wires, electronics, explosives, and other wares were smuggled into Iran over the course of a year. Covertly. One small piece at a time. All meant for in situ assembly. When finally put together, the contraption weighed nearly a ton. At its heart was a Belgian-made FN MAG machine gun.Image
2/25
As should be an easy guess, this was in preparation for an assassination. The year was 2020. Target? A high-profile IRGC asset, big enough to enjoy the highest levels of State protection. You likely guessed Qasem Soleimani, the commander of the Quds Force, but you’re wrong.
3/25
This was someone else, just as important to the Islamic regime, if not more, but remarkably under popular radar. Soleimani was taken in January, on foreign soil. This one would meet his fate in November.

And barely 60 miles from Tehran.
Read 25 tweets
Aug 7, 2024
This is Sajit Chandra Debnath, a 42-year-old Bangladeshi with two business degrees and a doctorate from Japan’s Ritsumeikan Asia Pacific University. Born in an influential Hindu family not far from Dhaka, Sajit coauthored over two dozen papers on business studies and taught at his Japanese alma mater for over five years. Even took a Japanese wife.Image
This is him now. I mean as of 2014. Or 2008, who knows. What happened?

Sometime before 2008, Sajit converted to Islam. Sometime before 2008 because we don’t know for sure. 2008 is when he was first noticed sporting a beard by his family. Which he tried hiding behind a surgical mask then.Image
In this avatar, he’d gone from Sajit Chandra Debnath to Mohammad Saifullah Ozaki, the name he’s still known by.

In 2014, he joined the ISIS-affiliated Jamaat-ul-Mujahideen Bangladesh or JMB and came in contact with one Gazi Sohan at a Dhaka mosque.
Read 12 tweets
Jun 15, 2024
[QQT: HINDUISM VS GEOLOGY]
1/16
Here’s a fun little thought exercise courtesy Bhaktivinoda Thakur, a 19th century Vaishnavite reformer. We humans are wired for pattern recognition. Thakur spotted one in the most unlikely of places—Vishnu’s avatars. Image
2/16
So the idea is that Vishnu’s avatars closely follow our planet’s and humanity’s evolution over millions of years. In other words, the Dashavatara is a functional mnemonic for geological and civilizational ages. Remember one, you’ll remember the other and in the right order.
3/16
Geology for our purposes starts with the Paleozoic Era. The dominant life form during this era was marine and this is when fishes emerged. Interestingly, this corresponds with Dashavatara’s first member, Matsya.

But there’s more.
Image
Image
Read 16 tweets
Apr 17, 2024
To paraphrase, “the British took wealth from India and the Mughals didn’t.”

Not the first time this has been said, but the statement reeks of ignorance at best and apologia at worst. In a few quick tweets, let’s assess this claim against recorded history. Image
Before all else, let’s be very clear on one thing:

Not taking wealth out of India does not inherently negate loot. The same lot that absolves Mughal loot because they “called India home” also demonizes the “1%” for looting India even though they too call India home.
The above argument alone renders moot the debate on whether or not the Mughals drained wealth out of India. But let’s continue anyway. So did they?

Babur never called India home (understandable, he was only here for 4 yrs.) so we won’t discuss him. But what about others?
Read 20 tweets
Mar 27, 2024
[QQT: THE SCOURGE OF GOD]

This is the story of how two civilizations lost their Golden Age, almost simultaneously. The story begins with a legend in a distant East China, just north of the Yellow River.

Long before it drops into the sea, the Yellow River makes a serendipitous bend known as the Ordos Loop. Serendipitous because the three-way irrigation offers the basin an excellent grassland that once attracted many nomadic tribes seeking greener pastures. Unfortunately, the Qin polity just South of this bend saw grave threat in these northern barbarians and drove them out.

The nomads then coalesced under the leadership of a man named Toumen. They called themselves Xiongnu. This united confederacy quickly grew into a political force in its own capacity with Toumen at the top. But they weren’t the only such polity in the region; to their West was another—the Yuèzhīs.

Now Toumen had a son, Modu, who emerged as a contender for the Xiongnu leadership toward the end of the 3rd century BC. With a direct command of 10,000 horsemen, Modu was keen on replacing his father on the throne. This is where the legend emerges—the legend of the whistling arrow.Image
Image
The whistling arrow was a three-stage loyalty test developed by Modu for his army. The enchanted arrow, as the name suggests, made a whistling sound as it flew off the bowstring. The directive was simple—shoot in the whistle’s direction, whatever be at the other end. Fail to do so, and you die.

Modu took his first shot. It was a wild beast. His ten thousand men were now obliged to blindly shoot theirs in the exact same direction. Of the 10,000, goes the legend, only 5,000 followed suit. The remaining hesitated out of compassion and were swiftly executed.

Stage two, second shot. This time it was Modu’s favorite horse. Again, 2,500 followed blindly, but the rest hesitated knowing it was their commander’s favorite beast. Horses were sacrosanct in this culture. Those who hesitated were, again, summarily executed. 1,250 remained.

The third and final stage involved an even more difficult target—Modu’s favorite wife! Of course, many refused to kill their leader’s favorite wife. And met the very fate you’d expect.

Now, Modu was left with just a tiny fraction of his original headcount. But he knew these were blindly loyal men ready to charge, kill, and die at his command, however absurd.

He was ready.
The throne was now just a quick patricide away. But patricide wasn’t enough. Once on the throne, Modu would order his entire family killed to eliminate all potential contenders forever.

Having taken the Xiongnu throne, Modu embarked on a westward territorial campaign gobbling up one kingdom after another. Remember the Yuezhi neighbors? He successfully chased them out of the realm.

The account of Modu’s test, even if mere legend, sets the stage for two overarching themes of our story. First, the preeminence of horses, and second, the infamous Xiongnu barbarity. If you could sacrifice almost 90% of your finest horsemen to a mere loyalty test, one could only imagine what you’d do to an adversary. This unremitting brutality would underscore the Xiongnu way of life for the rest of their times.

By the time Modu died, in just a few quick decades, the Xiongnu domain extended from Manchuria in the far east all the way to the Tien Shan range in Central Asia, not too far from India.

Even Genghis Khan, who was still 1,300 years away, failed to beat this speed and ferocity.Image
Read 22 tweets

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