A growing body of literature at the intersection of jurisprudence and political science is shedding light on constitutionalism, the law and politics in #LatinAmerica.
Here are some of the authors and books I turn to for instruction on these issues.
Botero, Sandra @sboteroc, Daniel M. Brinks, and Ezequiel A. Gonzalez-Ocantos @egocantos (eds.), The Limits of Judicialization: From Progress to Backlash in Latin America (@Cambridge_Uni 2022)
Bowen, Rachel E., The Achilles Heel of Democracy: Judicial Autonomy and the Rule of Law in Central America (@Cambridge_Uni 2017)
Gargarella, Roberto @Rgargarella, Latin American Constitutionalism, 1810-2010: The Engine Room of the Constitution (@Cambridge_Uni 2013)
Here's another book for the list: Julio Ríos-Figuero @JulioRiosFigue1, Constitutional Courts as Mediators: Armed Conflict, Civil-Military Relations, and the Rule of Law in Latin America (@Cambridge_Uni 2017)
And yet another book for the list: Andrea Castagnola @castagnola_a, Manipulating Courts in New Democracies: Forcing Judges off the Bench in Argentina (2018)
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Here’s a large 🧵thread that combines multiple tweets on transitional justice in Latin America.
1/7. Transitional justice – confronting past human rights violations – has been on the agenda in #LatinAmerica since the 1980s
Violence perpetrated by dictatorships & in civil wars during the Cold War in Latin America has resulted in thousands, even 100s of thousands, of victims
2/7. How might past human rights violations be tackled when political times change?
Cuba in 1959 choose revolutionary justice: show trials&executions
Latin America since the 1980s did better. It sought transitional justice: due process for the accused, truth&justice for victims
7/7. Documentaries and films often bring to life the human dimension and full stakes of social and political issues better than any other medium.
Here are some documentaries and films on transitional justice in Latin America. 🧵
Argentina, 1985 (2022). On the 1985 Trial of the Juntas in Argentina. Directed by Santiago Mitre. filmaffinity.com/ar/film117089.…
The Art of Political Murder (2020). On the murder of Guatemalan Bishop Juan Gerardi, who was killed in 1998 days after the publication of a report on human rights violations. Directed by Paul W. Taylor. imdb.com/title/tt103138…
6/7. The still-unfolding story of transitional justice in Latin America, and its lessons, are told in these books on transitional justice in Latin America.🧵
Amilivia, Gabriela Fried, State Terrorism and the Politics of Memory in Latin America: Transmissions Across The Generations of Post-Dictatorship Uruguay, 1984–2004 (2016)
Collins, Cath, Post-transitional Justice: Human Rights Trials in Chile and El Salvador (2010)
González-Ocantos, Ezequiel A. @egocantos, The Politics of Transitional Justice in Latin America (@Cambridge_Uni 2020)
Lira, Elizabeth, Marcela Cornejo, and Germán Morales (eds.), Human Rights Violations in Latin America Reparation and Rehabilitation (2022)
5/7. Democracies build the rule of law partly by confronting past human rights abuses, ie, by pursuing transitional justice. More justice also makes democracy stronger.
The still-unfolding story of transitional justice in Latin America, and its lessons, are told in these books🧵
Burt, Jo-Marie @jomaburt, Transitional Justice in the Aftermath of Civil Conflict: Lessons Learned from Peru, Guatemala and El Salvador (2018)
Freeman, Mark, and Iván Orozco, Negotiating Transitional Justice: Firsthand Lessons from Colombia and Beyond (@Cambridge_Uni 2019)
González-Ocantos, Ezequiel A. @egocantos, Shifting Legal Visions: Judicial Change and Human Rights Trials in Latin America (@Cambridge_Uni 2016)
Jelin, Elizabeth, La lucha por el pasado: Cómo construimos la memoria social ( 2017)
La independencia judicial ha aumentado en América Latina. Pero en Cuba, Haití, y Venezuela (agregaría Nicaragua y El Salvador) los tribunales ahora están subordinados a los políticos. Los políticos que abusan del poder necesitan un poder judicial complaciente.🧵
Leyendo The Oxford Handbook of Constitutional Law in Latin America (2022), me encontré con esta figura.
Los datos por @DrewLinzer y Jeffrey K. Staton, presentados por Matthew M. Taylor, muestran un aumento en la independencia judicial desde 1950.
Latin American courts are not as dependent as sometimes assumed. At least, judicial independence has increased. But in Cuba, Haiti, Venezuela (I would add Nicaragua & El Salvador) courts are now subservient to politicians. Politicians who abuse power need a compliant judiciary.🧵
Source: Matthew M. Taylor, “Courts and Judicial Independence,” in Conrado Hübner Mendes, Roberto Gargarella, and Sebastián Guidi (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Constitutional Law in Latin America (2022), p. 411.
Reading The Oxford Handbook of Constitutional Law in Latin America (2022), I came across this figure.
The data by @DrewLinzer @ Jeffrey K. Staton, as presented by Matthew M. Taylor, show an increase in judicial independence since 1950.