people asking a lot about the skew discussion from the letter. this thread should help.
the key thing is that skew tells you about the market-implied level of statistical covariance between an underlying asset's returns and the implied volatility of its fixed strike options
in an environment where fixed strike vol is falling when asset prices fall and rising when they rise, in order for a long skew position (long downside put, short upside call, dynamically hedged) to break even, the skew curve needs to be upward sloping!
this is because when you are long skew, you are short vanna: as the underlying asset falls, you get long fixed strike volatility exposure, and as fixed strike vol rises you get short exposure to the underlying asset
if spot falls and fixed strike vol drops, you get long vol and long delta and lose money on it; and you were paying theta for the privilege (assuming skew is inverted like normal in equity indices)
just because skew is at the 1st percentile of its own historical distribution doesn't mean you will make money owning it if it eventually reverts to more normal ranges; it may end up carrying sharply negative against you (as now)
another example of first order thinking almost never works in derivatives, need to understand the nuances of how the math works in a proper attribution framework in a portfolio that is losing you money 😅
low ain't cheap 🥷
fwiw this prompted my favorite incoming text message of the day 🥹☠️
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Worth noting that the vix basis (spread of vix futures over S&P at the money forward vol) is at the high of its ranges of the last few years (barring the brief weird day last August)
In the pandemic it went as high as 15 but that was because there were insane massive short VIX call positions (Allianz Structured Alpha, etc) that got liquidated in the middle of a massive selloff
The VIX complex is typically used by volatility tourists, because it's simple to trade volatility with the click of a button without knowing what an option is
So elevated basis typically means outsized hedging flows by non-specialists
A few people have asked for this so I'm creating a thread-of-threads about hedge fund blowups to make those stories easier to find. Please if there are any I forgot go ahead and link them for me. First one is a general thread about 2020 pandemic blowups:
1. Lehman. Wells Fargo prop lost hundreds of millions of dollars on converts, bond basis and levered loans. Head of the desk went to the board and asked for $4 billion in balance sheet to buy everything in sight, got it, because Wells was in good shape. Better lucky than good.
2. August 2011. Had nice EURUSD and USDJPY volatility positions that helped the fund put up a good month. We added to bond basis, converts and levered loans. I sold CDS IG versus buying S&P volatility, that was choppy and the CIO covered it before it converged. But...
I shorted VXX calls in my PA after the initial volatility spike. The position got mangled by persistent backwardation and subsequent volatility spikes. I met the first and second round of margin calls and got 90% liquidated on the third. RIP, lessons learned
Okay this is a good thread topic and really is all about understanding positioning in tails and being in the flow of information as crises start to unfold. I'll tell some stories to illustrate.
Remember that all volatility selling is not the same. Some kinds of volatility selling are inherently stabilizing to markets. For example, the large institutional flows in call overwriting and cash-secured put selling for equity replacement are very stabilizing...
... as they supply dealers and volatility managers with long gamma positions, we buy when markets go down and sell when markets go up and reduce realized volatility. These are unleveraged positions which do not blow up or induce short covering.
This is a nice prompt actually. I'm going to use the word thread here because it was just so annoying trying to find all my old threads to link together :)