Fantastic talk by @cdbustamante about an ambitious initiative to set up one of the world's largest diverse biobank with a focus on Latin American populations with a target sample size of 10 Million(!!). Welcome to the biobank of the Americas! #ASHG22 bbofa.org
The motivation behind this massive undertaking is something that is obvious to the field: massive underrepresentation of Non-European populations in the genetic databases.
The participants recruitment is targeted mainly in the Latin America and Caribbean diaspora that holds ~8% of the world population and comprise 700+ ethnic groups and yet represent <1% of the global genetic databases.
From pilot data, it's clear that the public awareness of this underrepresentation is higher reflected by the fact that 2/3 rd of the invited people were enthusiastic to participate. Close to 100k participants were already enrolled.
The team is making use of the COVID19 testing as an opportunity to enroll participants in the study where the COVID19 testing sample discards were used for sequencing and linking the genetic data with electronic health records.
Initial results from analysis of pilot data were highly promising where admixture mapping of COVID19 phenotypes yielded several ancestry specific signals, illustrating the importances of diversity in the biobank samples.
The long term goal is to establish central data register and interface with other global biobanks to harmonize genetic research across the world.
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Danish Saleheen stunned the audience with his story of building the world's largest cohort of human knockouts in Pakistan, which is the world's 5th most populous country with highest level of consanguinity ever known. #ASHG22#DRIFT22
Starting with around 10k individuals sequenced in 2017, now the cohort comprise of around 200k individuals recruited, of which 80,000 were exome sequenced. Goal is to sequence 1 Million. nature.com/articles/natur…
Based on these data, they have identified so far >14000 human knockouts for >5000 genes. To achieve the same in European populations, you'll have to sequence >11 million individuals.
Stumbled upon this wonderful article today, which highlights the value of human genetics in studying drug side effects. A 🧵 for your Sunday read. ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/JA…
Statins, commonly prescribed cholesterol medications, have a clear mechanism of action: they inhibit HMG-CoA reductase enzyme in liver, leading to up-regulation of LDL receptors and reduction in circulating LDL cholesterol. app.pulsenotes.com/clinical/pharm…
Statin is a lifelong medication and one of the suspected adverse effects of long term use of statins is cataract based on animal models and observational studies.
Functional study of six de novo missense variants in KCKN3 identified in 9 probands from the DDD cohort highlights the importance of a K+ channel in the pathophysiology of sleep apnea. Amazing discovery 🧵 @ProfKalium@carolinefwright@mehurles nature.com/articles/s4158…
This is a great example and a reminder that our biological understanding of many of the common diseases (in this case, sleep apnea) come from rare monogenic disorders.
In this study, the authors report a new developmental disorder associated with sleep apnea caused by de novo gain of function missense mutations in a K+ channel coded by gene KCNK3.
Certain GWAS findings, though not striking themselves, often open doors to literature that are fascinating and enlightening. Let's talk about factor 11, a coagulation factor, which is one of the hits in the recent stroke GWAS. 🧵
Gene F11 codes for coagulation factor X1 that participates in the intrinsic pathway of coagulation cascade, a series of enzymatic activation of coagulation proteins that results in the formation of blood clot. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK48225…
Hemophilia is a group of hereditary bleeding disorders caused by coagulation factors deficiency. Hemophilia, particularly type B, the poster child for X-linked recessive inheritance, is historically famous due to its existence in European royalty. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haemophil…
A GWAS of mucin proteins (MUC5AC, MUC5B) concentration in the sputum sample of COPD patients and controls identifies an interesting finding. biorxiv.org/content/10.110…
The authors identified a strong cis pQTL, rs140324259, that decreases the MUC5B concentration in the sputum with an effect that is even stronger than the effect of smoking on sputum.
Phenotypically MUC5B concentrations are higher in COPD cases with acute exacerbation and one would assume that that the pQTL that strongly reduces MUC5B concentrations would be protective.
Great paper showing that those in the UK Biobank who carry deleterious variants in genes known to cause developmental disorders have poor cognitive function, poor education and poor quality of life. Very important work.
These studies highlight the validity of certain phenotypes that are often considered flawed by many in the genetics community--fluid intelligence, educational attainment, income, deprivation index.