Sridhar Vembu Profile picture
Nov 3 5 tweets 2 min read
1/ India imported 31% more from China so far in 2022 while exporting 36% less.

Chinese economy is so structurally distorted, it can only produce and not consume. As a recent example, they ran factories during lockdowns but closed shopping malls.

What can India do?
2/ If India passively accepts China's structural distortion, we risk heavily distorting our own economy to consume without producing and that would change our jobs mix towards token distribution jobs whose purpose is to create income to consume imported goods.

We must resist.
3/ Economists like Prof Panagariya believe in what I call "naive free trade theory" that simply is not even aware that there is such a thing called structural distortion because it is not part of their toy models.

Warren Buffet proposed a simple and elegant solution.
4/ Buffet's solution is to balance trade by requiring importers to buy import credits in the market from exporters. Singapore does this for "certificates of entitlement" (CoE) for cars, where you first acquire the CoE from the market (freely trade in CoEs) and then buy a car.
5/ Government can simply auction more import credits at current market prices too, if needed. This will make sure our we external trade balances or at least deficits are manageable.

If we don't so this, we are letting China determine our deficit & thereby our economic structure.

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More from @svembu

Nov 1
1/ GDP accounting like below raises a serious philosophy of measurement issue. Over many decades, US economy has structurally adapted to consume, which means that *a part of what we think of as investment is to enable consumption of imports*. Think of ports, warehouses and ...
2/ ...then there is also over-consumption of housing, in the form of ever larger houses even as the number of people per household declined. House construction is counted as investment but it promotes more consumption of household goods, often imported & more energy to heat/cool.
3/ So the very nature, even the meaning of GDP changes. In a mirror image, China has a huge portion of its GDP as investment but a lot of it is wasted with highways & bridges to nowhere, empty apartment towers and so on. This is why the quality & composition of GDP are important.
Read 7 tweets
Oct 22
1/ WEF asks "Why are young people not preparing for the jobs of future?"

As someone involved in both basic schooling & advanced skill development, this is my perspective.

First, we need a strong focus on basics: Reading, Writing & Arithmetic, the 3Rs.

weforum.org/agenda/2022/10…
2/ At the elementary and middle school level, we need a strong emphasis on the 3Rs. Digital skills come later.

A degree of memorization, such as multiplication tables or reciting poems is necessary. Memory power - holding and processing a lot of ideas in our head - is vital.
3/ Prevailing educational fashion discourages this for young children because "rote memorization is bad". I believe it is good for very young children.

Second, digital skills need both basic mathematics and a strong grounding in grammar. Computers demand precision from us!
Read 5 tweets
Oct 21
1/ India's thinking is dominated by English, which means it is shaped by what goes on in the US and UK. I will explore some consequences here.

First let's come to economics. Both the US and UK are highly financialized, "post-industrial" or "post- manufacturing" economies.
2/ US/UK run massive trade deficits in manufactured goods & export services (intellectual property or financial services) to partly balance the goods deficit, but the resulting net trade deficit is still huge and has kept growing.

How do they pay for this ever-growing deficit?
3/ They issue *bonds denominated in their own currencies* to pay for imports. This is very crucial and has allowed them to continue to issue debt far beyond what countries like India can do.

This "privilege" came at the huge price tag of decimating their manufacturing sectors.
Read 12 tweets
Oct 19
1/ I spent over 4 years in my PhD deep inside mathematical models of wireless systems. It slowly dawned on me that the professors were addicted to the models themselves and never entertained any doubts about whether the models had much to do with reality.
2/ Over time, the entire purpose of the models evolved so as to allow us to publish cute theorems & win grants, awards & coveted tenure! I saw this trend everywhere I looked in academia with very few professors immune to the pull of models increasingly detached from reality.
3/ It was therefore not a surprise for me that this trend had taken deep root in economics. In wireless systems, industry practioners typically ignore the toy model pushers. Alas, in economics it is these toy model pushers who have come to dominate economic decision making.
Read 6 tweets
Oct 19
1/ It is worth understanding why the US has persistent skill shortages, even during periods of high unemployment: the US economy is structurally distorted so badly due to years of bad policy that most talent goes to "token distribution jobs" which distribute claims on imports.
2/ For a talented young person in the US, jobs in finance, law, marketing and real estate brokerage pay much bigger wages (tokens!) than being semiconductor engineers/technicians.

Anyway all the chips can be imported from foreigners willing to take treasuries and dollar claims.
3/ Corporate America, due to the Gospel of Finance, has not invested in training and skill development for a couple of generations at least now; as skilled people retire, there is no pipeline of talent.

The "solution" is to import talent, then import again a generation later.
Read 4 tweets
Oct 18
1/ Rajan echoes the conventional-economist thinking that focuses on efficiency gains from trade and totally ignores resilience and the benefits of a diversified jobs mix in a region. As an example, a bright kid in Tenkasi wanting to build planes today has to migrate out of India.
2/ Rajan would argue "Let's make labor mobile across countries so the Tenkasi kid can migrate to where planes are built" and that ignores unmodeled costs of uprooting people, such as elderly people left behind.

Their models also have no place for culture, community and so on.
3/ Economists would basically assume away those unmodeled costs as trivial or non-existent. That is the ultimate triumph of logical positivism.

My contention is that when all those unmodeled costs are taken into account, those efficiency gains evaporate, particularly long term.
Read 4 tweets

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