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Nov 3 • 5 tweets • 2 min read
A Single Dose of Psilocybin for Treatment-Resistant Depression...

A brand new study published in the New England Journal of Medicine suggests a single dose of 25mg psilocybin can significantly improve the symptoms of depression for at least 12 weeks...
Participants received either 10mg, 25mg, or a control of 1mg synthetic psilocybin, accompanied by psychological support over 6 hours (75-79 in each group). They were then followed up for 12 weeks and their depression rating scores monitored...
Although the 10mg group showed no statistically significant benefit compared to control, the 25mg group showed a significant reduction in their depression rating score after 3 and 12 weeks...
37% of participants in the 25mg group showed a significant response at 3 weeks, compared to 18% of the control group. 29% of the 25mg group showed remission of their symptoms at 3 weeks, with just 8% of the control group...
What does 25mg look like in terms of dried Psilocybe cubensis? Between around 2-3g. In other words, what would be considered to be a fully psychedelic, but not heroic, dose for the average person.

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More from @alieninsect

Andrew Gallimore Profile picture
Nov 1
The Electrochemical Language of the Mushroom...

Do mushroom mycelial networks use an electrochemical language similar to that of the human brain???

Perhaps... let's look at some of the evidence...
The human brain generates inordinately complex patterns of information using sequences of electrochemical signals known as action potentials fired by the vast network of neurons from which it is constructed...
An action potential is a rapid and temporary reversal of the electrical potential (charge difference) across the neuronal membrane, appearing as a “spike” when the potential is measured using electrodes.
Read 15 tweets
Andrew Gallimore Profile picture
Oct 30
Is ketamine a psychedelic? A dissociative anaesthetic? A dissociative psychedelic?

Ketamine is unusual in being somewhat psychedelic at low doses, but has unique dissociative anaesthetic effects at high doses.

How does this work? Let's find out...
In line with these subjective effects, ketamine has been shown to increase neural activity at low concentrations, but shift to an overall suppressive effect on the brain as the concentration is increased...
Ketamine works by binding to glutamate-gated ion channels known as NMDA receptors in the cortex. Normally, when glutamate binds to this receptor, the channel opens and allows calcium & sodium ions to flow into the neuron, making it more likely that the neuron will fire.
Read 21 tweets
Andrew Gallimore Profile picture
Oct 22
Adrenochrome: Fantastical Psychedelic or Pure Fantasy?

Adrenochrome boasts perhaps the coolest name of any drug, and is name-dropped in some major works of 20th century literature.

But is this curious purple molecule all it's cracked up to be?

Let's find out...
In Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas, Hunter S. Thompson claimed that adrenochrome “makes pure mescaline seem like ginger beer. You’ll go completely crazy if you take too much.”
And, alongside Synthemesc (mescaline) and Vellocet (likely amphetamine), Drencrom was one the three varieties of drug-laced milks (Moloko Plus) served at the Korova Milk Bar in Burgess’ A Clockwork Orange.
Read 21 tweets
Andrew Gallimore Profile picture
Oct 8
How Does DMT Switch Your Brain's Reality Channel? A thread...

A wonderful new paper published in Nature Communications reveals how psychedelics, such as LSD, “flatten the brain’s control attractor landscape”. Image
What does this mean and how can this study inform what’s happening in the brain when you smoke DMT and are transported to an entirely different reality?
The cortex is a highly complex network of neurons responsible for constructing the world you experience using patterns of neural activity. Perhaps the simplest model of a network of neurons is the Hopfield network. Image
Read 21 tweets
Andrew Gallimore Profile picture
Jul 29
Why are 5% of people unaffected by DMT?

Terence McKenna claimed that around 5% of people to whom he gave DMT experienced no effect whatsoever. This was supported by Rick Strassman’s study in the 1990s: 3 of 53 subjects were unaffected by the drug, even at the highest dose. Why?
DMT (and other classic psychedelics, such as LSD, psilocin, and mescaline) act primarily via the 5HT2A serotonin receptor — a type of metabotropic receptor.
Metabotropic receptors work by connecting the outside of a cell to a complex network of signalling molecules on the inside...
Read 15 tweets
Andrew Gallimore Profile picture
Feb 6
Why is psilocybin (or LSD or mescaline) psychedelic? A (long) thread.

Whether you’re awake, dreaming, or in a peak psychedelic state, your experienced world is always a model constructed by your brain as a pattern of cortical activity.
When you ingest a psychedelic, it is this world model that changes. But how and why? Let's see...

Your cortex is constructed as a mosaic of closely packed cylindrical structures built from neurons — these are your cortical columns.
The columns are specialised and tuned to receive, process, and generate particular types of information that correspond to particular features of the world, such as lines, colours, textures, objects, and movement.
Read 23 tweets

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