Oh, we understand the claims of "immunity debt" (est. 2021) just fine. 🧵

There's the trivially true population version of "immunity debt" in which lack of infections means an immunologically naïve population. Terrible name for this obvious phenomenon.

1/
A corollary of the population version is that mitigation works very well, so it makes sense to mitigate when there's way too many infections at once.

/2
Then there's the absurdly silly individual version where the immune system needs to be worked out like a muscle and the way to avoid being infected with pathogens is to be infected with pathogens.

3/ "See it's good to get infected, because it gives you im
The individual level version is a twisted take on the hygiene hypothesis (you know, let kids play in the dirt -- it does not say let them play in a biohazard lab).

4/
Here's the thing. It is not obvious from the population version why you'd see hospitalizations going up while infection rates are not higher than last year. This suggests that infections are *more severe* on average, but not necessarily more common.

5/
The individual version would be consistent with this, but it's a nonsense explanation.

Obviously, immune damage from COVID infection could also account for increased severity. If kids are at greater risk due to immune damage, mitigating infection would be very prudent.

6/
Whichever it is (naïve population and/or immune damage -- but not the silly individual immune muscle version), mitigation during the current crisis makes sense.

Unfortunately, many of the people pushing the "immunity debt" interpretation argue *against* those measures.

7/
It also bears nothing that:

* Early childhood infection with RSV can make later infections *worse*.

* Rates of RSV were high *last year* in many places. So why is there still immunity debt this year?
* Immunity to RSV doesn't last very long anyway, even if people had gotten infected two years earlier.

* There isn't an obvious pattern of more flu and RSV in places where there were more stringent mitigation measures.
I'm sure the minimizers who argued against mitigating COVID in kids and are now blaming lockdowns, masks, and remote schooling for severe RSV and flu are framing criticism as ideological ("everything is COVID to them") or a misinterpretation ("we just mean the population thing").
Inventing a term ripe for confusion doesn't help anything, and dismissing a possibly very serious risk to children's health is unacceptable. The fact that there is a very clear vested interest in it not being a consequence of letting COVID rip in kids is relevant.

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More from @TRyanGregory

Nov 6
RSV rates are not higher this year. More kids are ending up in hospital, though. That is NOT consistent with "immunity debt" (even the weaksauce, trivially true population version), and it IS compatible with immunity damage from SARS-CoV-2 infection.
By the way, and I cannot believe this needs to be said, the answer to overwhelmed children's hospitals is not to blame previous mitigation measures, it's to implement more mitigation measures.
Let me be 100% crystal clear. I'm not claiming that what we're seeing is immunity damage from letting COVID rip in kids. I'm saying that this is a valid hypothesis that is consistent with current observations and which has serious consequences if true, but it's being ignored.
Read 9 tweets
Nov 4
Think back to early November 2021. People thought "Ok, Delta was bad, but that is probably it now."

THEN OMICRON HIT.

What makes everyone so totally confident, in November 2022, that Omicron was the last major new variant? COVID deaths in the US, the UK, and Canada with Nov. 2021 in
I will remind everyone that there are two major ways that new variants evolve: within individual hosts with persistent infections, and among hosts at the level of the host population. The past major new variants (ones that got Greek letters) probably evolved within hosts.
Evolution within hosts can be for different traits than among hosts. Within a host, it's a matter of competition for how well cells are infected, how quickly replication occurs, how many copies get made, etc., relative to different versions of the virus in the same individual.
Read 11 tweets
Nov 2
Never heard of this guy before today (I know, lucky). But omg. Dude uses shampoo from a bo...
How did I miss this entire saga?

avclub.com/guy-who-got-ro…
Read 4 tweets
Nov 2
An argument that only something that isn't descended from within the (very large and expanding) Omicron clade can get a new @WHO Greek letter isn't consistent with the stated criteria, and it misses the point of how evolution works.

1/
Think about birds. In phylogenetic terms, they are nested within "reptiles" (and thus *are* reptiles if "reptiles" is to be a clade and not paraphyletic).

(I talked about clades, monophyly, and paraphyly here: )

2/
BUT, we talk about birds separately from "reptiles" all the time. Ornithology is not part of herpetology. Why? Because the rate of change in various traits in the avian lineage is much faster and they are quite different from other "reptiles".

3/
Read 5 tweets
Nov 1
I'm some ways "season" is like "latitude". Lots of things correlate with it, but it itself isn't a thing, causally speaking. What they both actually represent is a combination of temperature, precipitation, daylight, etc.
With COVID, it's not "seasonal" like annual flu -- we've had 4 waves already this year -- but there are effects on host behaviour caused by temperature, precipitation, daylight, etc. Whether we gather indoors. Whether windows are open. Things that can affect viral spread.
So, no, SARS-CoV-2 is not a seasonal virus. But yes, there are patterns associated with factors that vary across seasons. That's why comparisons between the summer 2022 wave (BA.5) and winter 2021/2022 (BA.1) are misleading if they're used to infer that new variants are milder.
Read 15 tweets
Oct 31
Much important discussion going on within Indigenous communities about how membership is defined and determined. It's not my place to weigh in, but as to the question of whether any European groups allow membership based on DNA or distant ancestry: yep.

themacgregordnaproject.blogspot.com/?m=1
For the record, I don't know if I would count as a MacGregor. I've not done any DNA test, and the farthest back anyone has traced my own Gregory line (obviously speaking patrilineally) is 7 generations to the first arrival in Canada.
Obviously the stakes are not high in terms of Scottish clan membership for a 7th generation Canadian. I'm not drawing any comparison with Indigenous issues. But it's interesting in some ways that Europeans do, in some cases, look at DNA to determine membership in a group.
Read 4 tweets

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