K S Nair Profile picture
Nov 11 6 tweets 4 min read
Short 🧵 & links for #ArmisticeDay , & the end of WW1. India today feels it had no stake in WW1, but in fact:

- There was an Indian signatory to the Armistice agreement at WW1's end; &

- Part of Germany's reparations payments were specifically earmarked for India ...
2: ... The Indian signatory was Maharaja Ganga Singh of Bikaner, seen in @SirWilliamOrpen's painting of the signing, in Indian Army uniform behind US President Wilson, Clemenceau of France, Lloyd George of Britain (& from behind, Johannes Bell signing for Germany) ... /3
3: ... ... The above detail from Orpen's (much larger) painting is included in @GMortonJack's fine book, "The Indian Empire at War", which I enjoyed, together with Dr David Omissi's - embarrassed I still haven't picked up @dStephenB's, tho' I have Malik's own ... /4
4: ... So let us honour the 1.5 million Indians who served during WW1 - a number, be it remembered, greater than the strength of the current Indian armed forces, at a time when our population was just over one-sixth what it is today (so equivalent to 7.5 million today?) ... /5 An post-Independence Indian Army Lt Gen wearing his grandfat
5: ... (The medal group above, of a WW1-era Indian Army serviceman, is being proudly worn in this photo by his grandson, a Lieutenant General in the post-Independence Indian Army) ... /6
6: ... And to end with a moment of self-publicity, two of my own articles on Indian flyboys during WW1:

[A shorter one:] business-standard.com/article/news-i…

[Longer one, with additional media from @vayusena:] bharat-rakshak.com/IAF/history/pi…

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More from @TheBrownBeagle

Jul 18
In July 1971, 51 yrs ago, US then-NSA Kissinger secretly visited Communist China, then without diplomatic relations. Nine months later Indian PM Indira Gandhi signed a treaty of Friendship with brand-new Bangladesh PM Sheikh Mujibur Rahman. What connects these two events? .../2 ImageImage
2: The answer is the #BangladeshLiberationWar 1971. Arguably the war - & the horrific holocaust in East Pakistan, starting with the notorious Operation Searchlight - would not have happened but for the US-China outreach.

More in forthcoming tweets, & in my book #DecemberInDacca Image
3: Pakistan was, in July 1971, facilitating US-Communist China rapprochement. Nixon & Kissinger needed CMA Yahya Khan (pic 1), & did nothing to stop the Pak Army's crackdown (pic 2), which sent a record refugee wave into India (pic 3) ... /4

More forthcoming #DecemberInDacca ImageImageImageImage
Read 16 tweets
Dec 15, 2021
OTD in 1971 the end of the #BangladeshLiberationWar was in sight, but still uncertain. Always a difficult period in wartime; nobody wants to be the last man to die in the war. These couple of days would have imposed special demands on courage, and on junior command skills ...
2: The previous day, as recorded by @BrainsTrustIn & others, IAF aircraft had carried out a spectacularly successful pin-point strike on the very heart of the West Pakistani puppet government in Bangladesh:



... /3
3: Remaining Pakistan Army units moved from Dacca Cantonment into Dacca University buildings. On 15th morning the IAF went after them, flying low between tall buildings and firing rockets accurately into where the Pakistan Army was sheltering ... /4
Read 9 tweets
Dec 14, 2021
#BangladeshLiberationWar: OTD in 1971 a spirited young Gnat pilot took off, against SOPs as his runway was being bombed, fiercely determined to get to grips with the enemy before the war ended. Fg Off Nirmaljit Singh Sekhon would receive the IAF's first & still only PVC ... /2
2: Fg Off Sekhon's story has been told by many, including (respectfully) by a Pakistani officer. One of the most painstaking is this rendition by VR pro Anurag Rana. Nearly a decade after he first rendered it, it remains imho one of the best:



... /3
3: The various retellings differ in some details - particularly in respect of how many of the enemy he shot down, or damaged, or as Douglas Bader once claimed in his logbook, "frightened". But his sheer determination earned a rare tribute - the enemy's respect ... /4
Read 5 tweets
Dec 13, 2021
#BangladeshLiberationWar: OTD in 1971, in a painful sequel to the successes of the previous days, 47 Sqn, AF Stn Jamnagar, the IAF, & India lost Wg Cdr HS Gill, one of the most brilliant pilots to ever strap into a KM-1 seat. Lost leading a second attack on the Badin ADCC ... /2 Image
2: In earlier years, he did breathtaking solo aero displays in a MiG-21 in a distinctive red scheme - at *half* the recommended speeds for aeros at low level. The aircraft was actually travelling on a ballistic trajectory; he was able to retain control & recover energy ... /3 Image
3: Sadly, Wg Cdr Gill's death has not been appropriately closed. Altho' a reliable PAF officer has confirmed recovering a Wg Cdr's body in the area, his name figures in write-ups on Indian PsoW allegedly still held in Pakistan, and still worse ... /4 Image
Read 5 tweets
Dec 12, 2021
#BangladeshLiberationWar: OTD in 1971, for the first time ever, a US-built F-104 Starfighter was engaged in air combat by a Soviet-designed MiG-21 – and shot down. This was a hugely significant breakthrough, in the world-wide narrative of air combat ... /2 ImageImage
2: Around 2 pm two PAF F-104s led by the respected Wg Cdr Mervyn Middlecoat SJ (pic 1) attacked AF Stn Jamnagar. Tho' low-flying, they were spotted by Stn Cdr Gp Capt Pete Wilson VrC (pic 2)'s OPs, "just far enough for a MiG-21 pilot to get from charpoy to fighting speed" ... /3 ImageImage
3: Two MiG-21s of 47 Sqn IAF scrambled, flown by Flt Lts MM Sehgal (L) & BB Soni (R). Following a short tail-chase, Flt Lt Soni shot down the lead F-104 over the Gulf of Kutch. He reported a parachute, but Wg Cdr Middlecoat was never found ... /4 ImageImage
Read 5 tweets
Dec 11, 2021
#BangladeshLiberationWar: OTD in 1971 2 Para of the Indian Army, CO Lt Col KS Pannu, executed a para-borne assault on Tangail, 80 km NW of Dacca, capturing the Poongli Bridge and cutting off Pakistani troops trying to retreat into Dacca ... /2 ImageImage
2: Some paratroopers had emplaned at Dum Dum, in full view of international correspondents, who excitedly reported, sometimes with wild exaggeration. UPI, for one, said that 5,000 Indian paratroopers had descended on Dacca (actually there were less than a thousand) ... /3
3: 11 Dec was also the day following the attempted breakout by the Pakistani garrison at Jamalpur. Lt Gen Satish Nambiar, then a MLI company commander, tells the story of their surrender over at @BrainsTrustIn:



... /4 Image
Read 5 tweets

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