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Nov 17 • 11 tweets • 8 min read
For those interested in Egyptology, especially the dating of the Sphinx and the Great Pyramid, here are some recommendations of reliable web resources and publications, starting with archaeologist Mark Lehner’s AERA website.
#AncientApocalypse
aeraweb.org
“Who Built the Sphinx?”, an article by archaeologist Mark Lehner.
#Egyptology
#AncientApocalypse
aeraweb.org/wp-content/upl…
As for debunking claims about water erosion and weathering on the Sphinx by John Anthony West & geologist Robert Schoch in the 1990s, as boosted by Graham Hancock, here’s Mark Lehner’s response:

'Notes & Photographs on the West-Schoch Sphinx Hypothesis'

academia.edu/36580864
To explore the Giza Plateau, where the Great Pyramid and the Sphinx are located, the Digital Giza project at Harvard is amazing. You can spend hours on this website, which provides tons of resources for #Egyptology
#AncientApocalypse
giza.fas.harvard.edu
The Digital Giza project has a large online library. It includes a file of archaeologist Mark Lehner's doctoral dissertation about the Sohinx: “Archaeology of an Image: The Great Sphinx of Giza”.
#Egyptology
#AncientApocalypse
giza.fas.harvard.edu/pubdocs/710/fu…
There is also a digital copy of archaeologist Zahi Hawass' book “The Secrets of the Sphinx”.

How can they be “secrets” anymore when you can download them in a few clicks from anywhere on the Web? Because “mysteries”. 🙄
#Egyptology
#AncientApocalypse
giza.fas.harvard.edu/pubdocs/561/fu…
This is an excellent article by geologist Jørn Christiansen that debunks claims about the weathering on the Sphinx.

The Great Sphinx of Egypt: Nature’s Shabby-Chic Trick?'
#Egyptology
#AncientApocalypse
geoexpro.com/articles/2015/…
This paper explains how recent technical analysis confirms the archaeological dating of the Sphinx and other monuments.

Surface luminescence dating of some Egyptian monuments
#Egyptology
#AncientApocalypse

researchgate.net/publication/26…
Climate change was significant during the Old Kingdom and provides context for evaluating claims about dates.

Climate change at the end of the Old Kingdom in Egypt around 4200 BP: New geoarcheological evidence

#Egyptology
#AncientApocalypse
researchgate.net/publication/25…
These resources were all generously recommended to me by friend and colleague Egyptologist Samira Minetti, who has also been an active debunker of pseudoarchaeological nonsense about ancient Egypt. Ancient Egypt is neither mysterious nor secret.
#Egyptology
#AncientApocalypse
For a comprehensive book on the pyramids of ancient Egypt, see this one by archaeologist Mark Lehner.

The Complete Pyramids: Solving the Ancient Mysteries
#Egyptology
#AncientApocalypse
a.co/d/eCK3ssy

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More from @KUHoopes

John Hoopes Profile picture
Nov 17
One of the debates in archaeology right now is about the origins of “urbanism”. Some identify Neolithic/Chalcolithic sites such as Nebelivka in Ukraine as among the first places where urbanism occurred, but most people have never even heard of it.

en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebelivka…
The site of Talianki, in Cherkasy Oblast, Ukraine, was the location of a major settlement of the ancient Cucuteni-Trypillia culture, dating to around 3800 BCE. It is currently the largest-known Neolithic settlement in all of Europe.
en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talianki_…
Questions about urbanism extend to Amazonia, where archaeologist Michael Heckenberger and his colleagues have identified Kuhikugu and connected sites in the Upper Xingu region of Brazil as a center of pre-European, Indigenous urbanism.

en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuhikugu
Read 4 tweets
John Hoopes Profile picture
Nov 17
Remember when the world was going to end on December 21, 2012?

Remember when we were all going to experience a transformation of consciousness?

It’s been ten years. What happened?

My chat with @KurlyTlapoyawa and @tlakatekatl
#AncientApocalypse
talesfromaztlantis.com/?episode=episo…
Graham Hancock was a huge booster of the imaginary Maya Apocalypse prophecy, dedicating many pages to it in “Fingerprints of the Gods” (1995), which contributed to a counterculture mythology that began in the 1960s and 1970s.
#AncientApocalypse
psychologytoday.com/us/blog/realit…
This excellent book, edited by Joseph Gelfer, was finally published in 2011, but hardly anyone read it. Most of it had been written in 2009, but publication was delayed.

The #AncientApocalypse is yet another #CountercultureApocalypse, but on Netflix.

amazon.com/2012-Countercu…
Read 7 tweets
John Hoopes Profile picture
Nov 16
From Alan Landsburg to Graham Hancock.

Yes, it’s about aliens.
#AncientApocalypse
To my knowledge, Graham Hancock has never retracted his claim for the original, really, really #AncientApocalypse: the one that destroyed a civilization on Mars, causing the surviving refugees to flee to Earth, where they founded an Ice Age civilization.
science.nasa.gov/science-news/s…
The great Carl Sagan addressed the nonsense about the Face in Mars in his brilliant book published in 1995, the same year as Graham Hancock’s “Fingerprints of the Gods”.
amazon.com/Demon-Haunted-…
Read 4 tweets
John Hoopes Profile picture
Nov 16
For filmmakers, journalists, and pop culture and television historians:

Graham Hancock’s #AncientApocalypse is the direct, lineal descendant of “The Undersea World of Jacques Cousteau” (1968), created by Alan Landsberg, the grandfather of #RealityTV.
en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Land…
Alan Landsberg also created the “In Search of…” series, narrated first by Rod Serling (of Twilight Zone and Night Gallery) and then by Leonard Nimoy (of Star Trek).

It ran from 1977 to 1982.

The series presented pseudoarchaeology and pseudoscience.

en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/In_Search…
Alan Landsberg’s successful #RealityTV genre of speculative documentaries and contrived situations led directly to the creation of The Apprentice, which ran from 2004 to 2017.

I blame Trumpism on “reality TV,” a lie even in its name.
#AncientApocalypse
en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Appre…
Read 6 tweets
John Hoopes Profile picture
Nov 15
In our critiques of Graham Hancock and his fans, the role of Ancient American magazine doesn’t get mentioned often enough. Hancock, like the magazine, is hyperdiffusionist.
ancientamerican.com
The banner on the Ancient American website features “American Antiquities and Discoveries in the West”, a book by the extremely racist 19th century author Josiah Priest, whose name few people recognize today. Image
You can find digital facsimiles of Josiah Priest’s book in the Internet Archive. It went through multiple editions in the early 1800s. In It, Priest attributes archaeological sites and artifacts to anyone *but* the ancestors of living Native peoples.
archive.org/details/americ…
Read 16 tweets
John Hoopes Profile picture
Nov 15
What troubles me the most about Graham Hancock is that he is metaphorically nodding and winking to white supremacists who know the tropes and phrases, ones that have been used over and over and over again in the worst possible ways, from British Israelism to Nazis.
British Israelism is the belief that the people of Great Britain are "genetically, racially, and linguistically the direct descendants" of the Ten Lost Tribes of ancient Israel.”

It was the ideological milieu within which pyramidology was born.
en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_I…
Graham Hancock is a pyramidologist. Pyramidology figures prominently in #AncientApocalypse
en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyramidol…
Read 4 tweets

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