Let's talk about the 2016 University of Hawaii-Manoa lab explosion as a case study in #LabSafety practices.
A few of the photos will be marked sensitive because a postdoc lost an arm in the explosion & there's blood at the scene.
This story is a warning to all researchers.
The research lab studies bioremediation and biofuels: microbial cultures are fed 70% hydrogen, 25% O2 and 5% CO2 and coaxed into producing biofuel substrates.
This is the 49L steel tank containing the gas mixture. It has a valve that feeds the bioreactor.
You can see the bioreactor in the corner here, post-explosion, with the large yellow pressure gauge.
All of this, if you can't tell, is assembled from parts designed for similar, but not identical, applications.
That's the nature of research: novelty, adaptation.
An investigation suggests it was the circuit board inside the pressure gauge on top of the tank that ignited the mixture.
The postdoc later reported she would get minor static shocks from it, indicating insufficient grounding. It was not an "intrinsically safe" model.
The ignition of the hydrogen-oxygen mix exploded the 49 L tank, sending shrapnel through the postdoc's elbow, severing her right arm.
She crawled to the lab door, which was blocked by debris. A grad student & security personnel kicked in the door to rescue her.
I'm happy to say she's alive &well & still researching in her field.
The lab was severely damaged.
The university was fined for occupational health failures: blocked exit routes, lack of training, lack of proper safety gear, inadequate safety plans, failure to follow process.
There's a saying in my workplace: safety is everyone's responsibility.
It's easy to roll your eyes at all the training, precautions, redundancies.
I want to remind people of the life-changing consequences of something as small as a poorly grounded flow regulator.
This photo is of the bloody lab coat the postdoc was wearing, so marked sensitive.
To all of my fellow 'lab rats', I'm asking that you think about safety as your first priority, for yourself, for your lab-mates, and for the people who love you.
Famed population geneticist RA Fisher published this paper in 1936 taking Mendel to task for either concealing, cherry-picking, or omitting parts of his study of pea genetics.
1. The segregation ratios (as in 'Mendelian ratios') are too perfect. Actual observations are modified by noise and distortion, only land on the 3:1, 1:2:1 ratios in extremely large samples sizes of ideal, perfect genetic models.
I want to talk about the Map-Territory Relation in #science & why it matters to many topics in public perception of science.
It's what I think of when people insist that 'science says there are only two genders'.
Maybe you've seen this work by René Magritte, called "The Treachery of Images". The text translates: "this is not a pipe".
It's not. It's an IMAGE of a pipe. It only resembles an actual pipe in one very specific way, from a particular angle, in 2-D.
Like this PICTURE of a pipe, a scientific model or system of classification is by nature a SIMPLIFICATION.
British statistician George Box: "Essentially, all models are wrong, but some are useful. However, the approximate nature of the model must always be borne in mind."
But the most interesting story about Benjamin Franklin I've run across is the giant pit filled with human bones that was recently (1997) found in his basement.
Really.
A giant pit of human bones. The remains of at least 28 bodies. In his basement. Cut up with a saw.
Ben Franklin lived at 36 Craven Street in London (now the 'Benjamin Franklin House & Museum').
Workers doing renovations found the bones in a buried pit in the basement, remains including those of infants.
He had a special arrangement with a friend of a friend, William Hewson, now called the "Father of Hematology" for his discovery of blood composition and fibrin.
Hewson operated an "anatomy school" in Ben Franklin's garden (back yard) where students dissected cadavers.
He had an acknowledged illegitimate son, William, who was the last British governor of New Jersey & chief Loyalist, running pro-British military operations from his base in New York.
He died in exile. But HE had an illegitimate son...
William Temple Franklin was William's illegitimate son, born while William was in law school, London.
"Temple" accompanied his GRANDFATHER Benjamin & acted as his secretary, worked on Treaty of Paris where France recognized USA.
Brief return to US, then rest of life in France.
Temple had an illegitimate son, Théodore, but he died before the age of 5, and an illegitimate daughter, Ellen Franklin Hanbury, who was raised by HER grandfather William.
Ellen married but had no children, so this particular chain of Franklin Bastards reaches its end.
My hypothesis:
Humans invented hats because we were envious of the marvelous headgear in the animal world.
Let's talk about antlers, horns, ossicones & pronghorns.
#Antlers are shed & regrown every year, composed of bone that begins at a pedicle, base structure that remains after shedding. Antlers are extensions of the the skull.
Mechanism of growth similar to bone HEALING: cartilaginous tissue gives rise to bone coated in skin "velvet".
Antlers usually only form on males, with one exception: female reindeer grow shortened antlers, which may be functional for snow clearing, or challenge between females over scarce food resources.