Exercise while fasting is a powerful health intervention that most people don't know about

Most people think you need to eat before exercise, but that's often counterproductive.

Metabolic health benefits are greater when fasting. Image
First of all, exercise induces autophagy, the self-cleansing process that rids cells of junk molecules.

Evidence shows that exercising while fasted can increase this process.

Exercise induces autophagy not only in muscles, but in the brain.

So, exercise can improve brain health, and this may also be the basis of improved mental health with exercise. Image
Importantly, the intensity of exercise is linked to autophagy activation.

The more intense your workout, the more activation. Image
Fasted exercise is more effective than fed exercise to increase muscular oxidative capacity.

Fasting enhances exercise-induced breakdown of lipids.

In addition, fasting but not fed may prevent drop of blood glucose concentration during exercise. journals.physiology.org/doi/full/10.11…
Pre-exercise eating blunts signaling in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue implicated in regulating components of metabolism, including mitochondrial adaptation and substrate utilization.

You simply get greater metabolic benefit from fasted exercise.
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.111…
You can do resistance training while fasted - I do - but for muscle growth, you should not continue fasting after your workout.

With lighter exercise, such as walking, you can continue fasting with no problem.

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More from @Mangan150

Nov 23
Metabolic health

With good metabolic health, your risk of chronic disease, such as heart disease and cancer, plummets.

What is it, and why is it so important? Image
Metabolism is the sum of all chemical reactions in the body.

Metabolic health mainly concerns how the body handles nutrients in food, what food does to the body, and the effects of exercise.

In short, metabolic health is finely tuned performance of all biological functions. Image
Poor metabolic health can help us understand what metabolic health is.

Metabolic syndrome is poor metabolic health, and shows itself in a cluster of risk markers:

*obesity
*high blood pressure
*high blood glucose
*high triglycerides
*low HDL cholesterol Image
Read 10 tweets
Nov 18
Once again, high cholesterol leads to longer life.

People with the lowest LDL cholesterol had the highest death rates, and people with the highest LDL, the lowest death rates. Image
Image
Some doubters: "That's only one study."

Since I've tweeted and written about this for years, I have a nice collection at hand, so let's add a few more.

Cholesterol-lowering trials that showed no mortality benefit. Image
Read 10 tweets
Nov 15
New study: Sperm counts are still declining, and at an accelerated pace, and seemingly, on all continents.
Obesity is a plausible factor in decreasing sperm counts.

Number of men with low sperm counts increased with increasing BMI.

sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
Read 4 tweets
Nov 8
I feel bad for people who use the gym to try to burn off body fat.

They've been bamboozled by first the health establishment and second by the fitness industry.
The proper use of exercise during fat loss is to maintain and build muscle.

Using exercise to burn calories is an exercise in futility.

*exercise makes you hungry
*it doesn't burn as many calories as people think
*it's trivially easy to eat more than you burn
If you lose weight without doing resistance training, you can lose not only body fat, but muscle.

You should avoid this, as it decreases metabolic health.

For fat loss, diet is more important than exercise by far.
Read 4 tweets
Nov 2
"Earn your carbs"

What does this mean?

The human body can store carbs as glycogen in muscles and liver, but storage capacity is limited, ~2000 calories worth.

Glycogen is made of long, branching chains of glucose. Image
This is the same glucose that's in the blood.

Carbohydrates are also made of glucose. Some carbs, such as sucrose (table sugar) are made of glucose and fructose.

The function of glycogen in muscles is to provide energy for high-intensity exercise - fight or flight. Image
When you're at rest or doing low intensity activity such as walking, you burn mostly fat.

Humans have vastly greater storage capacity for fat.

A typical person could go for weeks without eating, merely using energy stores from fat.
Read 6 tweets
Oct 30
Oxytocin is a hormone that's necessary for muscle maintenance and regeneration, and it declines with age.

Could increasing oxytocin promote better exercise recovery?

Definitely an interest of mine, as recovery ability also declines with age.
nature.com/articles/ncomm…
The probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus reuteri promotes would healing in young humans.

It increases oxytocin levels in mice, and appears to promote regrowth of the thymus gland.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
This probiotic contains the same strain of L. reuteri used in the studies.

amazon.com/gp/product/B09…
Read 4 tweets

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