Our universe is speckled with stars, with billions just in our galaxy. Some stars live alone or in twos or threes, but others are bound together by gravity into much larger communities. In honor of @NASAHubble’s exploration of #StarrySights, let’s talk about star clusters! 🧵 1/6
Star clusters are divided into a few different types, based on how many stars are in a cluster and how tightly they’re bound by gravity. Stars in clusters typically have a shared origin, and they can live very close together or can be spread out over hundreds of light-years. 2/6
Globular clusters are stellar "dinosaurs" scattered throughout the universe, containing some of the oldest stars in the universe. These clusters can contain anywhere from tens of thousands to millions of stars, packed tightly together in a dense clump. 3/6
Open clusters have fewer members, usually a few hundred stars or less. Most open clusters are much younger than globular clusters, and they’re also much less dense and less tightly bound than globular clusters. 4/6
Scientists are interested in how star clusters form and evolve. Some disperse and spread out over time, while others remain tightly bound together by gravity. The different types of stars in clusters also have various life spans, so they change and die off as a cluster ages. 5/6
Many different @NASA observatories study star clusters using different types of light. Alongside @NASAHubble, we’ll be highlighting how some of our other telescopes help us learn about these stellar communities! 6/6
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Forty-five years ago this fall, our HEAO (High Energy Astronomy Observatory) 3 satellite blasted off to survey the high-energy sky. Its observations furthered our understanding of how the universe works and what it’s made of. Follow this thread for some highlights! 🧵
Launched from Cape Canaveral on Sept. 20, 1979, HEAO 3 (known as HEAO C before launch) was the last in a series of @NASA spacecraft designed to study X-rays, gamma rays, and cosmic rays from intriguing sources observed for the first time in the 1950s and 60s.
@NASA HEAO 3 studied interstellar magnetic fields, the distribution of interstellar matter, and processes within stars and catastrophic events that create chemical elements heavier than iron. These observations taught us new things about supernova remnants, distant galaxies, and more.
The Japanese-led XRISM (pronounced “crism”) telescope launched almost a year ago as part of a long collaboration between @JAXA_en and @NASA. XRISM focuses on the hottest regions, largest structures, and objects with the strongest gravity in the universe. go.nasa.gov/4d7BVk9
@JAXA_en @NASA From calcium in our bones to iron in our blood, we are made of star stuff. But how does the universe make and distribute these elements? XRISM studies the objects and events that created the cosmic recipe of our present-day universe.
@JAXA_en @NASA Some of the most intriguing objects in the universe are extreme, superdense objects like black holes, neutron stars, and white dwarfs. We want to know: What’s happening close to them? What’s inside them? XRISM helps us explore these questions!
Love a morally gray love interest? Black holes are a great example since they have the perfect air of mystery to get away with the dramatic relationships they maintain. From long-term love to one-sided situationships, black holes do it all. go.nasa.gov/46f0skR
Some supermassive black holes, ones that are millions to billions of times the mass of our Sun, are basically childhood sweethearts with the galaxies that form around them — like Sagittarius A* and our own Milky Way.
But relationships aren’t always so sweet. When a star falls head-over-heels for a supermassive black hole, it can be torn apart by gravity in a tidal disruption event. Talk about a bad break-up. 💔
Did you know that black holes can be social? Let’s look at black holes that are scattered across our galaxy. Most of them have dance partners that can make them easier to detect. #BlackHoleWeek 🧵1/6
This dance starts before there’s a black hole in the picture. Most stars are born with at least one companion, and if either is large enough — 20+ times the Sun’s mass — it will explode as a supernova at the end of its life and leave a black hole. 2/6 science.nasa.gov/universe/the-l…
Since there’s nothing special about the gravity of a black hole, these two can continue their dance. However, there are ways they can interact that make them easier to spot. 3/6
#OTD 15 years ago, our Kepler telescope launched to detect planets outside our solar system. Before it retired in 2018, it helped us find thousands of new worlds … and much more!
Follow this thread for a few of our favorite discoveries! 🧵
Kepler’s steady gaze helped it spot the subtle dimming of a star’s light when a planet passed between us and the star. And it also helped Kepler see a supernova shockwave as it reached the surface of a star — an early moment in an unpredictable event: jpl.nasa.gov/news/nasas-kep…
Our Sun takes about a month to spin around once, but some larger stars take just a few days. Some spin so quickly, they’re squashed into a pumpkin shape! Kepler and Swift helped us find a batch of these rare stars and studied their extreme activity: nasa.gov/universe/nasa-…
You’ve heard that you’re made of star stuff, but what does that mean? The chemical elements in our bodies — and everything else around us — were made in space billions of years ago, before our solar system formed. So where did some of your elements come from? #PeriodicTableDay
The hydrogen that makes up the water in your body was formed during the big bang.
The nitrogen in your DNA was once inside small stars. Those stars shed their outer layers at the ends of their lives, forming planetary nebulae and freeing their nitrogen to become part of our solar system.