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Nov 29 • 7 tweets • 3 min read
🦖Day 69 of the @velocidex #velociraptor #ArtifactsOfAutumn series

Artifact: Exchange[.]MacOS[.]Applications[.]NetworkUsage

Link: docs.velociraptor.app/exchange/artif…
If an unknown application, or an application that doesn't typically communicate over the network at all suddenly shows signs of large amount of inbound our outbound traffic, it can be considered suspicious.
Similarly, deviations from normal patterns of communication from typical network-connected programs can also be considered suspicious.
Either way, we can get an idea of the network traffic to which an application is associated with by gathering the details from the 'netusage.sqlite' database from a macOS host.

In recent version of macOS, this database is located in '/private/var/networkd/db/'.
This artifact uses Velociraptor's 'sqlite()' plugin to query the 'netusage.sqlite' database.

docs.velociraptor.app/vql_reference/…

This particular query will gather information from the 'ZLIVEUSAGE' and 'ZPROCESS' table, and is derived from the mac4n6 APOLLO project:

github.com/mac4n6/APOLLO/…
Details provided by this artifact include:

- Timestamp
- First timestamp
- Live usage timestamp
- Bundle ID
- Process name
- WIFI inbound traffic
- WIFI outbound traffic
- Wired inbound traffic
- Wired outbound traffic
- Live usage table ID
Also, check out the link below to learn more about the 'netusage.sqlite' database!

mac4n6.com/blog/2019/1/6/…

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More from @therealwlambert

Wes Lambert Profile picture
Nov 28
🦖Day 68 of the @velocidex #velociraptor #ArtifactsOfAutumn series

Artifact: Linux[.]Sys[.]JournalCtl

Link: docs.velociraptor.app/exchange/artif…
This artifact parses the output of the 'journalctl' command. It is used to view systemd logs on a Linux host.

These logs can contain valuable information to incident responders, such as hardware events, kernel messages, network connectivity, service status, and user events.
Information provided by this artifact includes:

- Timestamp
- Message
- Boot ID
- Machine ID (h)
- Cursor
- Syslog facility/priority (h)
- Monotonic timestamp (h)
- Transport (h)

*h -> column is hidden from the output by default, and can be viewed with the column selector.
Read 5 tweets
Wes Lambert Profile picture
Nov 27
🦖Day 67 of the @velocidex #velociraptor #ArtifactsOfAutumn series

Artifact: Windows[.]Forensics[.]RecycleBin

Author: @svch0st

Link: docs.velociraptor.app/artifact_refer… Image
This artifact parses the $I files found in the Windows Recycle Bin folder ($Recycle.Bin, as of Windows Vista) to obtain the time of deletion and the original path and file name.

This folder contains:
- $I files ("Recycled" file metadata)
- $R files (the original data)
The contents of the Recycle Bin directory are organized by SID ('C:\$Recycle.Bin\%SID%\').

It's important to note that this artifact uses the API to read available $I data. There may be additional unallocated but readable $I files referenced in the MFT that may be recoverable.
Read 6 tweets
Wes Lambert Profile picture
Nov 26
🦖Day 66 of the @velocidex #velociraptor #ArtifactsOfAutumn series

Artifact: Server[.]Orgs[.]NewOrg

Link: docs.velociraptor.app/artifact_refer… Image
With support for multi-tenancy added to Velociraptor in version 0.6.6, we can now manage multiple organizations within a single Velociraptor deployment!
This artifact creates a new organization in a deployment. Upon doing so, the 'OrgId' is used to track information about the new organization.

The current user will be the administrator for this organization. ImageImage
Read 7 tweets
Wes Lambert Profile picture
Oct 29
🦖Day 38 of the @velocidex #velociraptor #ArtifactsOfAutumn series

Artifact: Linux[.]Sys[.]Pslist

Link: docs.velociraptor.app/artifact_refer…
This artifact enumerates the running processes on a Linux system. This can be useful to check for proper configuration or misalignment across a fleet of hosts, or for identifying suspicious processes generated by, or leveraged by malware.
Some of the Information provided by the artifact:

- Process ID
- Parent process ID
- Command line
- Executable
- Hash
- Username
- Created time
- RSS (how much memory allocated to the process)
Read 5 tweets
Wes Lambert Profile picture
Oct 28
🦖Day 37 of the @velocidex #velociraptor #ArtifactsOfAutumn series

Artifact: Exchange[.]Windows[.]Detection[.]ISOMount

Author: @ConorQuinn92

Link: docs.velociraptor.app/exchange/artif…
After Microsoft decided to block Office macros by default, threat actors began pivoting to a usage of container files such as .iso, .rar, and .lnk files for malware distribution.

This is because TAs can then bypass the "Mark of the web" restrictions for downloaded files.
When downloaded, container files will have the MOTW attribute because they were downloaded from the internet. However, the document inside, such as a macro-enabled spreadsheet, will not.
Read 12 tweets
Wes Lambert Profile picture
Oct 27
🦖Day 36 of the @velocidex #velociraptor #ArtifactsOfAutumn series

Artifact: MacOS[.]System[.]QuarantineEvents

Link: docs.velociraptor.app/artifact_refer… Image
This artifact parses the 'com[.]apple.LaunchServices.QuarantineEventsV2' sqlite database to provide defenders with information around files that have been downloaded from the internet.

Information includes:

- DL Time
- DL URL
- Origin
- Agent Name/Bundle
- User
- Event UUID
On macOS, when a user downloads a file from the internet/third party source, the file will have an extended attribute associated with it called 'com[.]apple.quarantine'.

This asserts that the file will not be opened/executed, until explicitly allowed by the user (via prompt). Image
Read 9 tweets

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