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Sthanu

@Sthanu5

Dec 31

All these antihypertensive drugs are safe in pregnancy, except which?

Labetalol
Ramipril
Nifedipine
Methyldopa

Ramipril is an ACE inhibitor –

👉 ACE inhibitors are teratogenic drugs which can cause damage to the developing fetus.

Antihypertensive drugs safe in pregnancy include nifedipine, methyldopa, labetalol, and hydralazine.

It is well accepted that angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are contraindicated during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy because of increased risk of fetal renal damage.

First-trimester use, however, has not been linked to adverse fetal outcomes.

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Sthanu

@Sthanu5

Dec 31

What is the most likely diagnosis in this patient who had suffered a blunt head trauma 2 months earlier?

A 26-year-old man

👉with a history of blunt trauma to the head 2 months earlier

👉presented with rapidly progressive swelling, pain, and diminishing vision in the left eye.

👉left eye revealed chemosis, pulsating proptosis, and an ulcerated cornea (Panel A)

👉 bruit could be heard with a stethoscope placed on the left temple.

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Sthanu

@Sthanu5

Dec 30

Severe abdominal pain and vomiting

Diagnosis?

Small bowel obstruction

Features of small bowel obstruction include the central position of gas-filled and distended loops of bowel.

The white lines passing across the full width of the bowel are 'valvulae conniventes' - these are only found in the small bowel.

Small bowel obstruction (SBO) accounts for 80% of all mechanical intestinal obstruction, the remaining 20% results from a large bowel obstruction.

It has a mortality rate of ~5%.

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Sthanu

@Sthanu5

Dec 30

Case: 23 years old female is admitted to ICU with anxiety, depression, and suicidal ideation.

Family reported recent symptoms of tic.

What is this?

Answer:

Psychology service was consulted, and they diagnosed patient with "TikTok tics."

Interestingly, there was an increase in reporting of functional tics during COVID-Pandemic.

The probable cause is mental health issues while in isolation.

A particular form is called "TikTok tics."

Most young females between the ages of 15 and 25 have been reported to have acute, complex vocal and motor tics involving large-amplitude arm movements.

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Sthanu

@Sthanu5

Dec 30

A 34-year-old man was admitted to the hospital with diabetic ketoacidosis.

He reported having had blurry vision, increasing shoe size, and a change in his facial features over the past several years.

Diagnosis?

On exam, he was found to have bitemporal hemianopsia.

Laboratory studies

👉 elevated levels of insulin-like growth factor 1 and growth hormone

👉 confirming a diagnosis of acromegaly

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Sthanu

@Sthanu5

Dec 29

Q: Which drugs are more prone to cause gingival overgrowth?

A) Beta-blockers (BB)
B) Calcium Channel Blockers (CCB)

Answer: B

Gingival overgrowth is popularly known as "gingival hyperplasia."

Although phenytoin is well known to cause gingival overgrowth

👉 CCB, i.e., nifedipine, diltiazem, verapamil, and amlodipine, can also cause gingival overgrowth.

In transplant patients, cyclosporine is known to do this.

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