Long Covid begins in the brain. We have a breached BBB that leads us to not be able to regulate our cerebral blood flow in response to gravity. This leads to Sympathetic overdrive which is a compensatory mechanism and this leads to a blunted baroreflex and preload failure. 2)
2) The body responds by either increasing heart rate significantly or an increase in blood pressure specifically diastolic BP in order to get blood back up to brain. The Gut barrier is also breached along with autonomic dysfunction of the GI tract along with microbiome changes.
3) The immune system is dysregulated causing production of a variety of autoantibodies including GPCR AAB. Sweat glands are affected. The body seems to be in a constant state of autonomic dysfunction which in turn causes continued immune dysregulation. 4)
4) 28 dysfunctional metabolic pathways have been identified especially Aerobic metabolism pathways causing us to basically run off of the body's anaerobic metabolism which only produces a small amount of ATP compared to Aerobic. This will result in pronounced fatigue. 5)
5) Endothelial dysfunction has been identified in lc. This results in slow capillary refill. Raynauds phenomenon has also been found. The body seems to be in a state of hypoxia. This is just a list of things that have been found for our record. Please add to this list🩺👍
MCAS symptoms found associated with autonomic dysfunction. Widespread pain and PEM have been found occasionally or after exertion in the majority of patients.
Ehlers danlos hypermobility predisposition is also found in some lc patients. New research should be coming out changing the diagnostic standards for this condition.
Lunulae (moons on fingernails) range from significantly decreased to nonexistent in certain digits. Skin on the hands have a dry or dead visual look. Blood pooling in limbs and abdomen has been identified due to failed response to gravity.
Microclots have been identified in a number of lc patients. This seems to be a downstream effect from GPCR Autoantibodies binding to GPCR receptors and initiating clotting factors specific for amyloid fibrin microclots.
Small fiber neuropathy has been identified in some lc patients. Immune dysregulation producing TS-HDS and FGFR-3 autoantibodies seem to be the cause of this neuropathy. This causes vasoconstriction that allows blood to pool towards gravity.
Muscle Weakness/Fatigue/Spasms/Pain can occur and has been identified in lc patients. This is thought to be due to reduced blood flow and energy available to the muscles due to a faulty autonomic response. Pain/spasms can also be due to lactic acid buildup from lack of energy.
Sleep problems have been identified in lc. This can occur occasionally or chronically. The autonomic nervous system controls the sleep cycle and the deep sleep cycle and REM sleep has been affected.
Cognitive dysfunction/Brain fog has been identified in lc and is linked to decrease in Cerebral blood flow along with inflammation/cytokine dysregulation in brain. Hypemetabolism has been identified in the brain using a PET Scan.
Tinnitus can occur on occasion or chronically with LC dysautonomia. It is thought to be due to decreased blood flow and hyperinflammation of the Cranial Nerve that controls functions of the ear.
Vasomotor Denervation has also been found in lc/pots/ME. Vasomotor function mainly controls the constriction/dilation of small blood vessels and capillaries among other functions. 
Costochrondritis is also common in lc dysautonomia. This is caused by the immune system attacking the rib cartilage and associated tissues. This generally occurs out of the blue. I have seen some patients get this right off the bat and my case specifically started on month 15.
Bulging veins are common in lc. This is due to the increase in central veinous pressure. Vein walls are weaker than arteries so an increase in pressure with bulge the vein. The veins have to work harder to get blood back up to the heart due to the faulty autonomic response.
Migraines are common on occasion in lc due to an increase in intracranial pressure because of the faulty autonomic regulation of cerebral blood flow. This increased pressure is sensed as pain especially in the frontal lobes but can occur anywhere on the cranium.
In LC dysautonomia, the neck and the joints in the body will pop, snap, crack, etc. This is due to inflammation of connective tissue in the stated areas. The neck specifically will make grinding noises randomly.
LC patients will have changes in the saliva in their mouth. The faulty autonomic signaling is the culprit. Also, bacterial changes have also occurred in the mouth in lc patients. Changes in breath and teeth health may occur randomly.
LC patriots have temperature dysregulation. This is due to autonomic dysfunction specifically at the level of the hypothalamus in the brain. The hypothalamus works like a “thermostat” and keeps the body temperature appropriate to the environment. LC pts get too cold or too hot.
In LC, The autonomic system doesn’t shunt the blood correctly. The blood doesn’t always go where it needs to go. For example, after you eat, raise your shirt up and sometimes the blood will pool to your abdomen and you will see it get red quickly. The autonomics failed at the job
Spike protein has also been identified as a potential part of lc. It is thought this is one of the triggers causing autoantibodies to form. There is a school of thought that states BC 007 will potentially bind to spike and inhibit it’s actions. This is a potential solution.
LC Patients have a hard time adjusting to new environments/surroundings occasionally. This can result in trembling, shakiness, confusion, derealization. This will also cause excess adrenaline release so heart can pound extremely hard in these circumstances. This is debilitating.
Blurry vision is common because the autonomics are responsible for the eyes to zoom in/out correctly and the dysfunction causes blurriness. Eye floaters are also common. Visible vessels also can be seen to due increased pressure in the eyes. BC 007 reduces this pressure.
Shortness of breath occurs during intense exertion and occasionally at rest in lc dysautonomia. Patients feel like they are breathing through “a straw.” The autonomics in part control the opening and closing of the airways. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10213912/
Limbs feel heavy at times during lc (almost like cement weighing us down). This is due to blood pooling into the limbs and the autonomic systems ineffective response to gravity.
Orthostatic Intolerance is extremely common in lc. We have a difficult time standing for long periods of time. Symptoms seem to be directly proportional to the length of time standing along with the degree of exertion. It is a huge contributor to the disability aspect of LC.
Exercise Intolerance is almost universal in lc. We have a hard time getting oxygen and blood flow to our muscles and tissues. Lack of available aerobic energy causes lactic acid to build up quickly. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36223120/
Non cardiac chest pain is common on occasion or after exertion. Feels like a heart attack. The ANS innervates the myocardium. This also happens when the vessels going to the heart tightly constrict due to faulty autonomics. This causes pain and chest tightness. Many go to the ER.
Anxiety and depression is common in lc but is secondary to the cause. Wouldn’t you be depressed if you lose your job, career, some patients lose family, docs gaslight you, can’t go to the gym, etc...? The financial impact is overwhelming for some bc disability isn’t easy to get.
Symptoms can develop after a viral or vaccine trigger. The school of thought is genetic predisposition to immune dysregulation is the culprit. Throughout history, there is always a group of people that do not recover and get these symptoms almost after every outbreak or pandemic.
The autonomic nervous system is responsible for regulating stress and emotions. A stressful or emotional event can cause the body in someone with long covid to be unable to recover for hours/days in moderate/severe cases. The body has a hard time adjusting in these instances.
Some patients reported that initially a “switch flipped” in the back of the head (brainstem area). A cascade of symptoms began immediately after including electrical shock sensations, inability to adjust to gravity/stand, fast heartrate and altering blood pressure.
Patients can occasionally experience facial weakness/pain and weakness/spasms in jaws while chewing. Inflammation of Cranial Nerve V and/or VII (is thought to be the culprits) This can occur unilaterally or bilaterally. TMJ and Trigeminal Neuralgia are both common in lc.
Hypnic Jerks(involuntary twitch in muscles) and brain zaps occur at different times in LC. These are due from faulty signals coming from brainstem. Waking up with a weird jolt/funny feeling in heart gasping for air is also common due to inappropriate signal from the Vagus Nerve.
Frequent/Excessive Urination is common on occasion in lc. This is due to the excessive adrenaline combined with the dysfunctional GI tract(bloating) putting increased pressure on the urinary bladder. Urine can also smell different than normal in lc.
Paresthesia(pins and needles) in the limbs and head area are common in lc. This is likely caused by decreased blood flow to the area and potential small fiber nerve dysfunction/damage. This also causes the burning sensation across the body. The burning increases upon exertion.
Quality of life for lc patients is on par with COPD and Heart failure patients. The patients are suffering and many are unable to hold a full-time job and some are not able to work at all. This is a serious disability. ME/CFS found in some lc patients is known as “living death”💀
The majority of long covid patients were highly active healthy people before the pandemic began. Many athletes and people that exercised. Plenty of high achievers in educational categories such as Doctors, Lawyers, Teachers, etc. They did everything right and now disabled. 😒
Gallbladder issues are common in dysautonomia. The autonomic nervous system is partly responsible for the contracting and releasing bile from this organ. Severe pain can be debilitating from this. Patients may have had a history of gallbladder issues or it can show up randomly.
Great Review on the potential solution for long covid BC 007:
https://twitter.com/MarekSJF/status/1546265691111710721
Another symptom is wrinkled fingertips and toes. This happens because of the overactive sympathetic nervous system when this type of response is not appropriate. Very common in Dysautonomia/Pots/ME.
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