If you artificially restrict your definition of “evidence” to accept only RCTs, you end up rejecting the thesis of the rotundity of the earth. Because most scientific theorems are proven by direct mechanistic evidence.
Anthropogenic climate change is considered 99.9% certain without a single RCT. Because RCTs are not a universal scientific standard of evidence. A Cochrane review on climate change would reject it as having low-level, not 99.9%, certainty theguardian.com/environment/20…
If restricted to RCTs, there is no “evidence” that modern clean-water systems, built after the cholera epidemics of the 19th century, reduce the spread of cholera. Because for public health engineering systems, RCTs are not a standard of proof.
That is why smoking in indoor public areas has been essentially banned due to evidence of harm gained without any RCTs. The ban on asbestos is also not supported by RCTs. Nor should they be tested by RCT, as it would be unethical.
Lastly, RCTs are not the requisite standard of evidence before implementing clean-air ventilation standards, whether to mitigate against viral aerosols, particulate pollutants, or to improve CO2 levels. Neither indoor CO2 nor outdoor CO2 regulation needs RCT support.
To demand RCTs before taking action on either atmospheric CO2 emissions or indoor CO2 standards is to act as an anti-science merchant of doubt. They are often funded by similar Koch brothers' dark money pushing an anarcho-capitalist anti-regulatory agenda.
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The antiviral Xocova (ensitrelvir) is claimed by Shionogi pharmaceuticals to potentially reduce the relative risk of some long COVID symptoms by up to ~45%.
More details in this article. Shionogi, which has yet to publish its results in a journal, presented the data at an academic conference held in the U.S. this week. japantimes.co.jp/news/2023/02/2…
Subjects were included irrespective of risk factors for COVID-19 progression. The population was predominantly (more than 90%) vaccinated. Impact on #longCOVID was not a study 1ry/2ry endpoint biospace.com/article/releas…
A lie oft repeated remains an abject lie. Nobody has ever produced a shred of evidence that a Cochrane review is a universally valid scientific “Gold Standard” applicable to all health outcome measures. Just repeating a lie is not enough.🧵news.com.au/lifestyle/heal…
Most science is done via direct mechanistic evidence rather than indirect mechanistic inference through an RCT. An RCT cannot definitively establish mechanism, only infer it. Where direct mechanistic evidence retains PREDICTIVE validity, it must be the primary form of evidence.
This is how we accept the rotundity of the earth: by direct mechanistic modelling. The method used by Eratosthenes would be rejected by the Cochrane model of science as being “low level evidence” insufficient to prove the earth is round.
I agree wholeheartedly with the criticism of the way the Conly Cochrane meta-analysis dismissive of masks has been conducted. But—sorry, team—I need to add some wee quibbles from a philosophy of science perspective. 🧵theconversation.com/yes-masks-redu…
The biggest shortcoming of RCTs of respirators is this: where direct mechanistic evidence retains predictive validity, this is the preferred form of scientific evidence. The invalidity of direct mechanistic modelling needs to be proven before falling back on RCTs.
Look at the key occupational PPE worn by this soldier: tactical respirator, helmet, body armour. None are tested by RCT. Some non-clinicians sitting in an office demand RCTs before the *same gear* can be issued to HCW before going into battle against COVID.
COVID has unleashed a pandemic of inappropriate use of the RCT/meta-analysis model as an instrument of hyper-scepticism to manufacture doubt as a tool of destructive mass propaganda. 🧵
Let's use the Cochrane model to assess the evidence for the earth being round. Here are some common proofs for the earth being round. All belong to the lowest level of evidence. How can you say we can safely traverse the oceans without falling off the edge of the earth?
To demand that the RCT/meta-analysis model be applied to non-pharmacological settings or in engineered safety systems where they've never been a Gold Standard, is to weaponize it as an instrument of manufacturing doubt. You could question whether the earth is round by this method
Who wins the award for my dumbest professorial reply of 2022? 🥁 Semmelweis used “non-pharmacological” (sic) principles with calculations based on applied physics and engineering to recommend handwashing with chlorinated lime—calcium hypochlorite Ca(OCl)2 aricjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.11…
Yes, ladies and gentlemen, handwashing is a mechanically engineered protective intervention like seatbelts, bulletproof vests, helmets, parachutes, and respirators. Semmelweis was an engineer. You read that correctly! 🤡
If you really want to believe that the topical application of a corrosive chemical, 4% calcium hypochlorite, to the hands is a “non-pharmacological” mechanistic intervention based on applied physics and engineering, here is more info on caustic lime. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium_h…
1. Acute COVID led to maximal levels of P-selectin dependent platelet-neutrophil aggregation. There was reduced phosphatidylserine exposure and integrin αIIbβ3 activation. It means less primary aggregation and more leukocyte-mediated thromboinflammatory signalling. @JTHjournal
2. #Microclots are typically positive on staining for P-selectin (also known as CD62P). Selective activation of platelet P-selectin may be a feature of acute COVID. Whether the same feature is found in #longCOVID remains unconfirmed. #TeamClots
3. P-selectin binds to PSGL-1 (P-selectin glycoprotein ligand). It is found on leukocytes eg neutrophils, macrophages and T-cells. PSGL-1 is a mediator of immunothrombosis. In chronic viral infection, PSGL-1 promotes T-cell exhaustion. @fitterhappierAJcell.com/trends/immunol…