Scientists from around the world worked on the latest IPCC report for almost a decade.

But according to leaked documents, many of their recommendations were removed or altered significantly.

🧵
Whenever the IPCC releases a major report, media outlets generally refer to “the report” in the singular.

But there are actually multiple reports.

There's a report that scientists produce that is often thousands of pages.

And there's the summary report for policymakers.
In some cases the summary can have wildly different language than the full report.

In 2021 a full IPCC report stated clearly that fossil fuels were the main cause of climate change.

But as @emorwee reported at the time, the summary report didn't mention fossil fuels once.
That's because something important happens after scientists finish their research and before the public sees the final summary for policymakers:

Non-scientist delegates from countries around the world get an opportunity to suggest changes.

distilled.earth/p/how-meat-and…
According to a draft leaked by @ScientistRebel1 the authors of the mitigation part of the latest report recommended that all fossil fuels should be phased out.

But this recommendation didn't make it into the final mitigation report or this week's final synthesis report.
That's because an advisor to Saudi Arabia’s Minister of Petroleum and Mineral Resources asked that this sentence be omitted from the mitigation group’s final report, according to the documents obtained by @UE.
Saudi Arabia and other fossil fuel-producing countries argued that the IPCC should be "technology neutral" and recommend technologies like carbon capture and storage (CCS).

They succeeded. Take a look at one of the recommendations from the final report: Image
As @NiranjanAjit noted earlier this week, Saudi Arabia also removed a sentence that said fossil fuels are the main cause of climate change.

But fossil fuel producers weren't the only ones that made significant changes to the report.

Throughout the multi-year long process of producing the latest report, scientists were clear: meat and dairy do more damage to the environment than any other food.
A special report on climate change and land cited a 2018 study that found meat and dairy are responsible for 10-50x more emissions per calorie than plant-based foods.

(They found similar results when they looked at emissions per gram of protein). Image
For that reason, IPCC authors wanted to recommend a shift to plant-based diets, especially in wealthy countries where meat and dairy consumption is so high.

A leaked draft of the mitigation working group’s report included the following text (emphasis mine): Image
But the environmental impacts of meat and the recommendation to shift to plant-based diets didn’t make it into the final report.

That’s because delegates from Argentina and Brazil lobbied significantly for their removal.
The final synthesis report released this week instead recommends “balanced, sustainable healthy diets acknowledging nutritional needs.”

Meat and dairy, which are responsible for about 15% of global greenhouse gas emissions aren’t mentioned at all.
I wrote more about all this in this week's newsletter.

If you liked this thread, you can subscribe to receive similar stories in your inbox.

distilled.earth/p/how-meat-and…
And finally if you want to support my work, you can become a paid subscriber to my newsletter here.

For $5 per month you can make these stories possible.

distilled.earth/subscribe

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More from @curious_founder

Mar 22
The heat pump market is growing quickly in Europe.

Last year sales were up 38%, according to newly released data.

🧵
According to @janrosenow and @duncanmgibb:

In some countries, like Poland, heat pump sales grew by more than 100% year-over-year.
And some of the strongest markets are the coldest countries in Europe.

Norway, Finland, and Sweden all lead the EU in heat pump sales.
Read 5 tweets
Mar 16
90% of homes in Israel use a solar water heater.

But even in sunny U.S. states like California and Florida, virtually no one uses a solar water heater.

Here's why:

🧵
Surprisingly ~100 years ago, a lot of American homes used solar water heaters.

In the 1940s about 40% of homes in Los Angeles used a solar water heater.

Why?

The state had a lot of sunshine, mild winters, and most importantly, expensive energy.

distilled.earth/p/90-of-homes-…
California wasn't alone either.

In the roaring twenties, Miami was a boom town. But it had a problem.

The state didn’t have access to natural gas and its electricity was really expensive.
Read 17 tweets
Mar 8
In the 1970s, Dutch cities like Amsterdam were full of traffic and air pollution.

Now they are models of sustainable urban planning.

Here's the story of how the Netherlands started building their cities for humans, not cars.

🧵
Like many countries, the Netherlands built a lot of car infrastructure in the 1950s and 60s.

At one point, the government brought in an American planner named David Jokinen to advise them.

Here's what he wanted Amsterdam to look like:
The government didn't build Jokinen's plan, but they took a lot of his advice.

They spent billions on highways and designed their cities for cars, not pedestrians and cyclists.

The city of Utrecht even filled in one of their beautiful canals with concrete to build a road.
Read 15 tweets
Mar 1
Renewable energy critics love to point out that it takes 255 tons of coal to build a wind turbine.

But it would take a coal-fired power plant 154,494 tons of coal to generate as much electricity as a wind turbine produces over its entire life.

🧵 Image
When I joined 40+ anti-renewable Facebook groups a few months ago, I saw the meme below a lot.

One of the goals of this meme is to argue that wind power isn’t environmentally-friendly because turbines are made using coal.

But it lacks some important context. Image
It's true that some coal is used to make turbines.

But once a turbine is built, it displaces coal-powered electricity.

So an important question is how much coal would you need to burn in a power plant to generate as much electricity as a wind turbine does over its life?
Read 13 tweets
Feb 27
For the last month I've been writing weekly summaries of climate-related news.

Here's what happened last week:

🧵
One of the biggest stories of the week was Biden's World Bank pick.

A couple weeks ago, David Malpass announced he would step down as president of the World Bank.

The Biden administration said they planned to nominate a replacement with a strong background in clean energy.
But last week, the administration announced a nominee, Ajay Banga, with virtually no experience in clean energy or climate action.

distilled.earth/p/biden-picks-…
Read 11 tweets
Feb 24
Fossil fuel companies in the Permian Basin claim 1.4% of the methane they drill gets into the atmosphere.

But when a group of Stanford researchers measured 26,000 oil and gas wells, they found a 9% leak rate.

That makes gas from the Permian worse for the planet than coal.
According to a study by EDF, if more than 3.2% of natural gas (methane) leaks before it is burned in a power plant, then it results in more greenhouse gas emissions than coal in the short term (20 years).

pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pn…
How much methane is leaking from the entire system (e.g. beyond the Permian) is a hotly debated topic.

Researchers like @howarth_cornell have produced studies showing leak rates of 3.6-7.9%.

Unsurprisingly, the fossil fuel industry has attacked him and his studies.
Read 8 tweets

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