Prussian nobility by contrast was mostly descended from mercenaries from Czechia, Silesia, and eastern Germany who were granted lands in lieu of payment by the Teutonic Order at the end of the Thirteen Years War 1454–1466.
There were only 48 Teutonic knights who accepted secularization in Prussia. A handful married and founded families, but their descendants were only a small part of the future Prussian nobility.
Ducal Prussia under Albrecht von Hohenzollern moved quickly to build its ties with Royal Prussia after he accepted the King of Poland as his lord. Royal Prussians accepted some economic ties, but resisted political integration. They would not be reunited until 1772.
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The IVC-E Africa contact looks like it would have happened 2200-2000 BC. Odd time for a long distance contact - it was a pretty bad time in the world (most famously known by the first Egyptian Intermediate Period & the Fall of Akkad). sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
skimming through yfull, there isn't anything that suggests Somali-IVC connection. Probably doesn't mean much - even though pastoral Cushites weren't far, a lot of the coast was probably occupied by fishermen yfull.com/tree/T-BY18121… yfull.com/tree/T-Y223124/ yfull.com/tree/E/
Obviously the numbers aren't directly comparable since UK & USA have different demographic makeups. Blacks are 12% of population in US, but 36% of syphilis sufferers. Even taking them out though, USians have 3x higher syphilis rate. cdc.gov/std/statistics…
Interestingly 2-3x more male USian zoomers practice homosexuality than male UK zoomers per polling, which lines up with the higher syphilis rate: cspicenter.com/p/born-this-wa…
Thread with excerpts from "Nation, Language, Islam: Tatarstan's Sovereignty Movement" by Helen M. Faller
Volga Tatars claim descent from Khanate of Kazan & medieval Volga Bulgaria. Author believes that makes Volga Tatars indigenous to the region (I am skeptical, & strongly suspect that Chuvash are actually the heirs of Volga Bulgaria). ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
USSR was comprised of 15 union republics, some which had autonomous republics under them. Tatarstan was an autonomous republic, but not a union republic under the USSR, though some Tatars tried to elevate its status. In 1991 all the union republics became independent states.
Thread with excerpts from "Still a Pygmy: The unique memoir of one man's fight to save his identity from extinction" by Isaac Bacirongo
Pygmy customs: dowry, polygyny, male choice of divorce, violent disputes over hunting rights, & resolution of murders with a bride giveaway to family of deceased.
Swahili had spread deep into the interior by mid-20th century, with Pygmies using it in songs.
Prior to the Bantu expansion, central and southern Africa were inhabited by a large number of diverse peoples. They were mostly exterminated by Bantu settlers, with little of their ancestry carried in the living. Sources: nature.com/articles/s4146… & ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
Donbass separatist leader Gubarev's complaints about Ukrainian economy 1991-2014. I don't know how true his claims are, but interesting the UEFA 2012 games caused such problems for state finances.
presumably some of the decline in certain manufactured goods is due to economic shift towards consumer goods and improved efficiency. The decline in meat consumption is pretty bad though.