• HTTP Headers: CRLF Injection attacks can occur in HTTP headers, such as the "User-Agent" or "Referer" headers. Attackers can insert CRLF sequences into these headers to inject additional headers or modify the response.
• Cookies: Cookies are often used to store user session information, and they can also be vulnerable to CRLF Injection attacks. An attacker can insert CRLF sequences into a cookie value to modify the response or inject additional headers.
• Form Input: Web forms that accept user input can also be vulnerable to CRLF Injection attacks. Attackers can insert CRLF sequences into form fields to inject malicious code or modify the response.
• Request Parameters: Request parameters that are used to build SQL queries or other commands can also be vulnerable to CRLF Injection attacks. An attacker can insert CRLF sequences into request parameters to execute arbitrary commands or inject additional headers.
• HTTP Responses: Finally, HTTP responses themselves can also be vulnerable to CRLF Injection attacks. Attackers can insert CRLF sequences into the response body to inject malicious code, such as JavaScript, leading to cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks.
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• CRLF can occur when a web application fails to properly sanitize user-supplied input or validate input parameters. Specifically, they can occur in any part of the HTTP response that accepts user input, including HTTP headers, cookies, and form input.
• For example, an attacker can insert a CRLF sequence into an HTTP header to inject additional headers or modify the response. Alternatively, they may use CRLF to inject malicious code, such as JavaScript, into the response body, leading to cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks.