Thread by @vikrikon

𝗦𝗽𝗼𝘁𝘀:-
𝗪𝗵𝗲𝗿𝗲 to see? 𝗖𝗮𝘂𝘀𝗲? 𝗦𝗲𝗲𝗻 in?

𝗞𝗼𝗽𝗹𝗶𝗸 spots vs
𝗕𝗶𝘁𝗼𝘁 spots vs
𝗕𝗿𝘂𝘀𝗵𝗳𝗶𝗲𝗹𝗱 spots vs
𝗥𝗼𝘁𝗵 spots vs
𝗖𝗵𝗲𝗿𝗿𝘆-𝗿𝗲𝗱 spots vs
𝗖𝗼𝘁𝘁𝗼𝗻-𝘄𝗼𝗼𝗹 spots

A short thread 🧵

Koplik spots/Koplik's sign

-->Clustered white lesions opposite lower 1st & 2nd 𝗺𝗼𝗹𝗮𝗿𝘀 & 𝗰𝗼𝗻𝗷𝘂𝗻𝗰𝘁𝗶𝘃𝗮 looking like grains of salt on a wet background

Cause: Prodrome viral 𝗲𝘅𝗮𝗻𝘁𝗵𝗲𝗺

Seen: 2-3 days before the rash itself & pathognomonic for 𝗠𝗲𝗮𝘀𝗹𝗲𝘀

𝗕𝗶𝘁𝗼𝘁 spots

-->Oval, triangular or irregular shaped whitish spots in the 𝘀𝘂𝗽𝗲𝗿𝗳𝗶𝗰𝗶𝗮𝗹 𝗰𝗼𝗻𝗷𝘂𝗻𝗰𝘁𝗶𝘃𝗮

Cause: 𝗞𝗲𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗻 build-up

Seen: 𝗩𝗶𝘁𝗮𝗺𝗶𝗻 𝗔 𝗱𝗲𝗳𝗶𝗰𝗶𝗲𝗻𝗰𝘆 and associated with conjunctival xerosis

𝗕𝗿𝘂𝘀𝗵𝗳𝗶𝗲𝗹𝗱 spots

-->Small,white or grayish/brown spots on the periphery of 𝗶𝗿𝗶𝘀

Cause: Aggregation of 𝗰𝗼𝗻𝗻𝗲𝗰𝘁𝗶𝘃𝗲 𝘁𝗶𝘀𝘀𝘂𝗲

Seen: 𝗡𝗼𝗿𝗺𝗮𝗹 in children (Kunkmann-Wolffian bodies), also a feature of 𝗗𝗼𝘄𝗻 syndrome

𝗥𝗼𝘁𝗵 spots

-->𝗥𝗲𝘁𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 hemorrhage with pale centers

Cause: Immune complex mediated 𝘃𝗮𝘀𝗰𝘂𝗹𝗶𝘁𝗶𝘀 from bacterial endocarditis

Seen in: Classic in bacterial 𝗲𝗻𝗱𝗼𝗰𝗮𝗿𝗱𝗶𝘁𝗶𝘀
Also in leukemia, diabetes, pernicious anemia, ischemic events, HTN retinopathy

𝗖𝗼𝘁𝘁𝗼𝗻-𝘄𝗼𝗼𝗹 spots

--> Fluffy white patches on the 𝗥𝗲𝘁𝗶𝗻𝗮.

Cause: Damage to nerve fibers and accumulation of 𝗮𝘅𝗼𝗽𝗹𝗮𝘀𝗺𝗶𝗰 𝗺𝗮𝘁𝗲𝗿𝗶𝗮𝗹 within the nerve fiber layer

Seen: Abundant cotton wool spots in Malignant 𝗵𝘆𝗽𝗲𝗿𝘁𝗲𝗻𝘀𝗶𝗼𝗻,𝗗𝗠.

𝗖𝗵𝗲𝗿𝗿𝘆 𝗿𝗲𝗱 spot

-->Red-tinted region at the center of the 𝗺𝗮𝗰𝘂𝗹𝗮 surrounded by retinal opacification

Seen: In a variety of lipid 𝘀𝘁𝗼𝗿𝗮𝗴𝗲 𝗱𝗶𝘀𝗼𝗿𝗱𝗲𝗿𝘀 and in central retinal artery occlusion(𝗖𝗥𝗔𝗢)

[1/2]

Cause:

In storage disease: The accumulation of storage material occurs in the cell layers of the retina, but the macula, relatively devoid of cellular layers, does not build up this material, & thus allows the eye to see through the macula to the red choroid below

[2/3]

Cause:

In CRAO: because the macula receives its blood supply from the choroid, supplied by the posterior ciliary arteries,It remains red; while the surrounding retina is pale due to retinal artery infarction.
[3/3]