M mode in echo is a bliss
Gives a grt temporal resolution
ie.,Relation of structures with respect to time.
At times it's difficult to follow motion of valves in 2D
In this thread let's see about Mitral valve M MODE
A normal mitral valve M mode
#echofirst #pocus @pocus_today

E &A are two positive waves due to opening of mitral leaflet
E - Early diastole due to LA LV gradient
A - Late diastole due to atrial contraction
C- closure of Mitral valve
D-End systole / Begining of diastole
F-Diastasis
B-Due to Elevated LVEDP in late diastole

Mitral stenosis:
The EF slope is reduced
In earlier times Mitral stenosis severity was assessed with shallowness of the slope. More flatter the slope is , more severe the MS
This semiquantitative method of assessing severity is not used nowadays
A wave is lost in MS with AF

There will be Anterior movement of posterior leaflet though it's not present always

Mitral valve prolapse:
Usually there will be flat line after C point . In case of MVP there will bowing of leaflets

HCM & SAM:
In case of HCM there will be Systolic Anterior Motion of Ant Mitral Leaflet

Severe AR : will cause fluttering of Anterior Mitral Leaflet
Causes presystolic Murmur
Austin Flint Murmur.

FLAIL PML:

LA Myxoma:
Bright hyperdensity in mitral orifice throughout cardiac cycle
& Functional MS