Yesterday at @researchEDWarr I tried to make the point that the “love story" between cognitive science and education is exciting because it has reached the point where it’s not just about isolated “quality ingredients”, but about the entire “dish” and even a whole “meal”.
I’ve put 4 things on the table, 4 points that I find central and essential for making cog sci useful in education
1. It’s essential to acknowledge the limitations of the cognitive systems:
📌Attention and WM are limited in capacity, the bottleneck of processing.
📌LTM is “Blackboxy” – we don’t really know how it works, parts of it are unconscious and we are biased as a result
2.
I still think that it’s important to take into consideration and plan according to these four stages of the learning process, making sure we choose an effective sequence of strategies for everyone.
3.
But no matter how effective these strategies are, they are not intuitively chosen by either learners or teachers. The main reason is our cognitive biases that intervene in every step of the way:
The Bjorks coined the term Desirable Difficulties, we can also call it the Ice Cream- Broccoli dilemma: what would you choose?
And how can we prepare a secret sauce that will help learners choose more broccoli over time, and adopt healthier eating (or learning) habits?
4.
We should consider the entire meal (not just the broccoli), and plan sequences that take into consideration students’ motivation, meta-cognition, and habits, aligning them along the cognitive axis at the right points, and "cooking" it adjust our teaching context.
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Working Memory - a function or a store?
Many of us seem to see WM as a function, while most common models depict it as a store, but not all... Let's explore - a thread:
2 Thinking about our memory using a model of a dynamic neuronal network, shifting between encoding, consolidation, storage and reactivation states - How does working memory (WM) fit? Where do our understandings of WM and long-term memory intersect?
3 This simple model highlights three cognitive functions as three “Stores”: attention, Working memory, and long-term memory (LTM) operating like a “conveyor belt”: selecting, processing and then storing information.
Short 🧵on Learning and Memory in the brain:
'Neuroplasticity' is everywhere, but what do we really mean when we talk about the ever-changing brain?
Let's dive deeper than the buzzword and explore the evidence with a model.
2. Cognitive neuroscience uses simplified network models like this to demonstrate how learning & memory might work at the network level.
Nodes represent neurons, lines their connections (synapses), and the patterns - bits of our knowledge.
3. This model highlights two key features of neuroplasticity: 1) Existing nodes & connections can be inactive or reactivated. 2) Activating new patterns can sometimes forge new connections (but generally not new nodes).
1 How should we use Generative AI for Academic teaching?
The answer, imo, is in cognitive science, as the human learning process is both the goal and the limiting factor in this journey.
A🧵
#HigherED #GenAI #CogSci
2 How can GenAI be used in academic teaching? Which skills will become obsolete? Is academic teaching going to change completely?
So many questions as we are perplexed by the GenAI Stuns.
However, we have some powerful tools to think about it rationally:
3 The most important distinction is between experts and novices. For experts, GenAI is very helpful: you can use it sophisticatedly to save time and improve your work. You can evaluate when it is helpful and when it is not. But what does it take?
1/ This book and this app have convinced me, through theory and practice,
how important it is to include habit formation in every educational program or plan, at any level 🧵🤓
2/ We are naturally biased against investing in habit formation, as it is mostly unconscious and long-term.
We are way more easily convinced by logical reasoning for behavioural change:
setting goals, finding willpower, and boosting motivation, all seem compelling, but…
3/ They don’t work in the long-term unless we also invest in forming good sustainable habits.
It’s true for each of us when pursuing our goals like learning a language or exercising regularly, but it is even more crucial in educational settings:
1/ What is the role of errors in learning? And what is an error, really?
The “Derring Effect”- making errors deliberately to improve learning, is newly described by Wong & Lim (2022).
It triggered some thoughts around errors, nerd out with me 🤓🧵:
2/ First, the evidence: following studying a short academic text, a practice session that included making errors deliberately and then correcting them (in writing) was more effective, when measured with an application test than several carefully designed control groups:
3/ Deliberately erring and correcting key concepts, in writing, was more effective than:
- Copying the text and underlying key concepts
- Creating a concept map with the key concepts
- Generating synonyms for key concepts
(Wong & Lim, 2022)
Learning how to learn & teach
It’s been a ~decade of accelerating bidirectional communication between cognitive science and classroom teaching. And it seems that the field is ready for a leap forward. Some thoughts on the basis of recent selected key publications🧵⬇️
3 They review metacognitive barriers to implementation (e.g. misconceptions, greater effort) and suggest that to develop self-regulated learners we should plan means to promote conceptual change and drive behavior on the basis of a 4-component framework.➡️