Sir Winston Churchill's legacy is under frequent attack by political activists who peddle ahistorical lies.
From accusations of genocide to 'crushing' Welsh miners, I'm going to take apart as many of these fallacies as I can in a single thread.
(Sources cited at the end.)
This thread is based upon my reading of thousands of pages of primary sources. Let's begin.
1) Bengal Famine 1943
I've spoken about this on numerous occasions & have an academic paper on this subject coming out later this year.
So, I'll just briefly go over some key facts.
In October 1942, a cyclone hit Bengal & Orissa, wiping out the rice crop harvest.
The cyclone damaged infrastructure like roads & railways - tracks washed away - and prevented the normal winter harvest in Northern India, stopping such internal food aid.
Surrounding areas previously used to purchase foodstuff to alleviate famines/shortfalls were all under Japanese control - this included Burma, Malaya and more.
Japan had a military presence in the Bay of Bengal from April 1942 onwards. Their submarines were dangerous.
And sank merchant shipping. Japan had invaded Imphal & Kohima and was conducting many South Eastern bombing raids.
The news of the famine's severity did not reach Westminster till August of 1943.
From August 1943- Dec of 1944, a little under 1 million tons of grain would be shipped to India, to alleviate the famine.
This was despite an Allied shipping crisis and the Japanese threat at sea.
People accuse Churchill of being in favour of genocide by gassing protestors. In reality, Churchill was in favour of using tear gas against rioters.
We know this as Churchill used the words 'lachrymatory gas' which is tear gas.
His detractors clearly ignore the full quote.
Taken from a departmental minute of the War Office on the 12th May 1919, this is what Churchill said in full:
"It is sheer affectation to lacerate a man with the poisonous fragment of a bursting shell...
"...and to boggle at making his eyes water by means of lachrymatory gas. I am strongly in favour of using poisoned gas against uncivilised tribes.
The moral effect should be so good that the loss of life should be reduced to a minimum...
" It is not necessary to use only the most deadly gasses: gasses can be used which cause great inconvenience and would spread a lively terror and yet would leave no serious permanent effects on most of those affected."
3) Antisemitism.
A recent outrageous claim I heard (from a supposed History grad at SOAS) was that Churchill was antisemitic.
Winston, in reality, was a philosemite. He supported Jewish rights, had Jewish friends and supported the establishment of a Jewish state in Palestine.
This was, of course, very uncommon for a Victorian aristocrat like Churchill.
In 1904-1908, Churchill represented the constituency, Manchester North. About 1/3 of the constituents were Jewish (Less than 1% of the overall British populous were Jewish at this time.)
During this period Churchill joined the Jewish tennis and cricket club and the Jewish soup kitchen.
Winston visited many of the Jewish institutions in the area.
He told the Jewish working men's club that their community were, "an inspiration and a source of great strength."
Winston would oppose the antisemitic Aliens bill in 1905 - the bill was designed to prevent Jews fleeing from the Russian pogroms coming to the UK.
There are countless other examples of Churchill supporting Jewish rights, as well as him being a Zionist.
I am covering such in a future livestream for my Patreon supporters on the 24th April 7PM UK Time.
In November 1910, Welsh coalminers went on strike in Rhondda Valley.
Churchill has been accused on sending in soldiers to kill the miners. Some going as far to say he sent tanks - tanks wouldn't be invented till 1915.
In reality, rather than sending the military in (as riots had broken out),
Churchill met with Richard Haldane (Secretary of State for War) and agreed to only send police constables.
Churchill's restraint was based on his belief that soldiers would be inappropriate.
He was even in favour of having the strikers get a meeting with the Board of Trade.
However, the riots did not end. Instead, it expanded into the near town Tonypandy.
63 shops were looted/damaged.
Calls for soldiers were made by the officer in command of the Southern Command.
Churchill responded on the 8th November that,
“In no case should soldiers come in direct contact with rioters unless and until action had been taken by the police."
The soldiers then dispatched would stay in the area till October 1911. However, the soldiers did not kill anybody.
I will go over these topics (as well as others) in more depth in my new history channel.
Sir Winston Churchill didn't cause nor contribute to the Bengal Famine and he didn't hate Indians either.
As someone who has read through thousands of pages of primary sources, here's the actual relationship between Churchill, India & Bengal Famine.
(Sources cited at the end.)
We'll split this thread into two sections:
- First, we'll tackle the most serious accusation against him: the Bengal Famine.
- Second, we'll look at his general stance & views on India.
It goes without saying that there will be political activists who will completely ignore,
what I have to say, as well as the primary sources I'll cite.
They'll instead choose to 'cite' the ahistorical journalistic articles from The Guardian or conspiratorial books like 'Churchill's Secret War' by Mukerjee - a debunked book that ignores most of what I'm about to,
(burning of Hindu widows on funeral pyres) and banned female infanticide?
On Homophobia: are we going to pretend that in many places in the world, prior to the British colonialism, homophobia wasn't a thing? Take the Mughal Empire as a primary example. Context is important.
On Oppression & Racism: what about when the UK led the world in abolition, losing multiple thousands of men, going into conflict with other nations - including African kingdoms & native African slavers?
Between the 13th-15th February 1945, the German city of Dresden was carpet bombed by the RAF & USAAF.
One of the most controversial actions of the Western Allies during the Second World War, the result was a death toll of around 25,000 with most of the city reduced to rubble.
This aerial bombing was demanded by the Soviet Union as Dresden operated as a railway noble point, where the Nazis were transferring troops from the West to the Eastern front to fight the Russians.
In the UK, it was signed off by Clement Attlee as Churchill was away for Yalta.
The death toll was higher than expected to be. This is in part because the Gauleiter (the Nazi regional leader) had not created underground bunkers for the civilian population.
He instead only had them built for him, his family and immediate staff.
When Great Britain became the epicentre of anti-slavery thought and then enforced abolition globally, in spite of it being the norm across all continents, races & many cultures.
🧵A thread on this enormous moral crusade. (Sources cited at the end.)
Through the campaigns of reformers like Wilberforce (above left), the British public turned to abolition.
And statesmen like Lord Palmerston (above, right) would wield Britain's power to diplomatically & militarily force abolition in much of world, when it was universal.
As we enter the 1700s, many Euro-Americans bought slaves from the West Africa, with Arab traders dominating East Africa.
Many Africans made gross profits by imprisoning and selling their fellow man. Slavery was also widespread in caste based cultures & competing tribes.
Tippu Tip (1832-1905), one of the largest slave traders in East Africa.
Often neglected in discussions on the evil African slave trade is that of the original slave capturers & sellers, being mostly indigenous Africans themselves. A thread on such.
(Sources cited at the end.)
We rightly remember & discuss the barbarous evil that Euro-Americans and Arabs facilitated, encouraged & took part in: the abhorrent slave trades of the Atlantic & Eastern African.
Such crimes against humanity must never be forgotten. But what of the start of that supply chain?
Slave trading nations, like Portugal & United States, generally lacked the resources to go into the African continent to get slaves.
Instead slaves were already captured and taken to the coast for trade - allowing some African nations, kingdoms & warlords to reap gross profits.