Day 2/Lecture 4: analyzing thought processes behind clinical reasoning with cases! Premature closure, framing and anchoring biases ARE a thing in the diagnostic process.
Think about your PR and schema based on the patient’s presenting complaint, trust your H+P, and resultant medical decision making! Practice holding off clinching Dx in PR. Can elaborate in A/P of note. Compare typical and atypical PRs. #IM2023@ACPIMPhysicians
Keys to Clinical Reasoning: 1. Be skeptical - Trust but verify. 2. Deliberately engage in clinical reasoning 3. Foster a non-punitive culture for errors 4. Craft avenues for feedback 5. Identify the hard stops to prompt reflection and reassessment.
Important to consider the sheer amount of tasks on our shoulders at hand-off times. Can’t expect them to re-do everything their hops med or ER peers already did, but Q things that don’t make sense to them. Also, can still be comprehensive in the A/P iso diagnostic uncertainty!
Proactively ask your colleagues to give you feedback on patients of yours that they have seen.
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1. How we document is how we think: as early as the 18th century, notes started off with communicative and didactic purpose
-19th into 20th century notes: closer to the modern H&P.
2. A lot of things that exists that we do don’t exist for a rationalist reason, but rather for historical contingency. It happens in medicine all the time! 3. The way that we document today was born out of two parallel movements.
Day 3/Lecture 1: CKD 1. Cr and cystatin C: Cr has a diet source, cystat C does not (nor muscular influence). Musc young pt w/o RF and neg UA with an inc Cr has just that, not AKI! 2. Indications for Nephrology Referral in patient's with CKD (see photo). #IM2023@ACPIMPhysicians
4. SGLT2i + Finerinone (non-steroid MRA) attenuates CKD progress and HF hospitalization (not Semaglutide except w/CAD pts) even w/o hx of DM. + effect after max RASi on board. 5. Tx pts w/ DM+CKD with GFR > or = 30 cc/min w/ SGLT2i (Empa, Dapa, Canag).
6. SGLT2i not rec in DM1 pts (risk of DKA) and ADPCKD 7. Spiro/eplerenone with more data in HFrEF, Finerenone with more data in CKD. 8. Q of which to start first - SGLT2i or MRA, still remains. 9. Per KDIGO, sCr increase of 0.3 mg/dL in 48h = AKI.
Day 2/Lecture 5: For my fellow CVD Hospitalists - ACS updates in 2023!
1. Chest pain should not be described as atypical. 2. hsTNT: approved in 2017, more testing will result in more positive results (28% T1MI, 225% in T2MI)
3. In women with CP, focus on history that emphasizes accompanying symptoms more common in women with ACS. 4. ACC guidelines don’t specify when you should load with P2Y12 inhibitors. ESC guidelines clearly DO NOT rec them in patients w/ unknown coronary anatomy and….
…being considered for early revascularization strategy (high GRACE). Load ASA/statin and consult cards. 5. More stat sig bleed with prasug d/t higher degree or nonfatal MI. 6. Ticag>prasug in ACS patients based on PLATO trial results. Clopid is falling out of favor.
Day 2/Lecture 2: full house for the one and only Brad Sharpe with Updates in Hospital Medicine! @UCSFDHM@ACPIMPhysicians#IM2023
1. Fluid resusc in pancreatitis: aggress (vs mod) fluids lead to more VOL in mild to mod disease
2. Intermediate LMWH for VTE PPX form highest degree of efficacy and lowest bleeding risk 3. Beta-lactam or Vanco first - B-lactam first decreased mortality by 50% per 48h and 7d mortality rate (GN sepsis…)
4. Cellulitis Over-Dx 40% of the time…alt <18%: venous stasis, stasis dermatitis, abscess; shorter LOS, less Abx; consider consult in atypical cases 5. ID Consult on outcomes for Pseudomonal bacteremia: 50% drop in-hosp and 30d mortality