Thread by @JohnLeePettim13

A #GreenEnergy thread: How are EV batteries recycled?
Two ways, pyrometallurgy and hydrometallurgy. The more common is pyrometallurgy, in which recyclers first mechanically shred the cell and then burn it, leaving a charred mass of plastic, metals, and glues.

At that point, they can use several methods to extract the metals, including further burning. “Pyromet is essentially treating the battery as if it were an ore” straight from a mine. Hydrometallurgy, in contrast, involves dunking battery materials in pools of acid

producing a metal-laden soup. Sometimes the two methods are combined. Hydrometallurgy can extract materials not easily obtained through burning, but it can involve chemicals that pose health risks. And recovering the desired elements from the chemical soup can be difficult.

Both processes produce extensive waste and emit greenhouse gases. Another challenge is efficiently cracking open EV batteries. Nissan’s rectangular Leaf battery module can take 2 hours to dismantle.

Tesla’s cells are unique not only for their cylindrical shape, but also for the almost indestructible polyurethane cement that holds them together.

Many issues remain even after you get inside the cell, that’s because more glues are used to hold the anodes, cathodes, and other components in place.

One solvent that recyclers use to dissolve cathode binders is so toxic that the European Union has introduced restrictions on its use, and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency determined that it poses an “unreasonable risk” to workers.

People often throw out the word "recycle" like somehow this comes at no cost to the environment, when in fact it takes a great deal of energy produced by fossil fuels, and toxic chemicals that must be disposed of. Sound "Green"?