1/ New CDC recommendation on ventilation - as equivalent ACH (eACH). Aim for at least 5 air changes each hour and upgrade to MERV-13 filters. More thoughts below.
2/ It's a good start and should decrease inhalation dose of respiratory aerosol concentrations by between about 20% to 40% in many classrooms (based on my experience w/ typical starting points in schools --some w/ recirculation through MERV-13 filters already achieve 5 eACH).
3/ Importantly, it is NOT difficult to achieve MUCH higher than 5 ACH in classrooms - even approaching 10 equivalent ACH w/ ASHRAE 62.1 ventilation + a #CorsiRosenthalBox, or 6 ACH w/ 62.1 in a typical classroom & a good HEPA air cleaner.
4/ NIOSH reports 12.4 eACH on top of typical classroom ventilation with 2 CR Boxes in a classroom. That will often lead to 15+ eACH, pushing 80% reduction in inhalation dose of respiratory aerosol particles in tytpical classrooms w/ unit ventilation.
5/ In my opinion, I would treat 5 equivalent ACH as a MINIMUM value (if not already there school districts are doing a disservice). 20 to 40% reduction in inhalation dose is better than 0%. 80% reduction in inhalation dose is better than 20 to 40%.
6/ Not rocket science, folks. Just do it!
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Efficiency vs. Effectiveness - They are Not the Same
Over the past 3+ years there has been a sharp rise in interest related to indoor air cleaners. I have consistently seen confusion over the terms efficiency and effectiveness. This thread is about the difference. 1/
When thinking about air cleaners, make sure not to conflate efficiency and effectiveness.
An air cleaner that is intended to remove aerosol particles from indoor air can be close to 100% efficient at removing particles as they flow through the device. 2/
That sounds great, right? Maybe. Maybe not. In fact, a device that is 100% efficient (captures all particles that move though it) may be highly ineffective. What? How can this be? 3/
1/ Challenged by some as to why I am wearing a mask in this video if the CR Box works so well. First, I wear an N95 mask in all indoor shared spaces at work. I do not apologize to anyone for that.
2/ For the size of the dean's suite & level of ventilation, this single CR box reduces our inhalation dose of respiratory and other aerosol particles by roughly 50% on high setting. That's good, but not nearly the dose reduction achieved by wearing a well-fit N95 mask.
3/ An N95 mask yields at least a 1 in 20 (95%) reduction in inhalation dose of virus-laden respiratory aerosol particles (and higher for particles of the size most relevant to conveyance of SARS-CoV-2).
1/ Another reminder that most of the air pollution that we inhale during our lifetimes, EVEN POLLUTION OF OUTDOOR ORIGIN, we inhale while INDOORS.
2/ Proper design, construction, operation (including air pollution control systems), maintenance, and activities of/in buildings can dramatically reduce our inhalation dose of both air pollution of indoor AS WELL AS outdoor origin.
3/ In the graduate indoor air quality course I used to teach @ut_caee I would always frame buildings as "small" physical, chemical, and biological reactors immersed in a much more voluminous reactor (our planetary boundary layer - or parts thereof).
2/ Remove source = Test & isolate, stay home if feeling any symptoms, etc. Y'all should know the score by now, right?
Reduce source = Communal protection by everyone wearing a mask to reduce emissions from those infected. Sadly, communal protection seems forever off the table.
3/ Remediate indoor air = wear a high-quality mask (e.g., N95 to remediate the air you inhale), increase ventilation, improve filtration, add filtration (including standalone HEPA air cleaners and/or #CorsiRosenthalBox es), employ UVGI.
1/ The guiding principles of the original #CorsiRosenthalBox design were (1) cost-accessibility (reduce disparities in ability to breathe cleaner air) & (2) effectiveness (in range or better of more expensive commercial HEPA air cleaners). (photo courtesy of @JimRosenthal4)
2/ The original concept exceeds expectations in each area and has now been proven highly effective by many researchers w/ additive equivalent ACH that easily get many classrooms above 9-10 equivalent ACH (CR Box + ventilation) at relatively low cost.
3/ The recent NIOSH/CDC study indicates that two #CorsiRosenthalBox es in a classroom can add greater than 12 ACH to ventilation ACH - likely exceeding 15 equivalent ACH total. As some context, this exceeds ventilation design for most hospital isolation rooms. Yep. Knew that.
2/ (n = 160,000 participants) "COVID-19 patients had a greater likelihood of several cardiovascular conditions compared with uninfected participants in both the short- and long-term including myocardial infarction, coronary heart disease, heart failure, and deep vein thrombosis."
3/ "Risks of some cardiovascular conditions – for example stroke and atrial fibrillation – were elevated in COVID-19 patients in the short-term but then returned to normal levels."