Thread by @Swachitha3

Time to go VIRAL!!
Cheatcodes/rules regarding general virology to get through NEET/INICET/USMLE

💠💠questions to ask while learning
1)DNA vs RNA virus
2)ss vs ds virus(single vs double-stranded virus)
3)Symmetry of the virus? (icosahedral vs helical vs complex)
4)enveloped or non-enveloped?
5) site of replication- nucleus or cytoplasm?

6)genome- circular or linear(for MLE) or segmented?
7)RNA viruses- +ve sense ss or -ve sense ss
🦠RNA viruses are ss except for rotavirus(Reoviridae)
🦠DNA viruses are ds except for parvovirus

💠symmetry
🦠all DNA viruses are icosahedral except poxvirus
(poxvirus is comPlOX)

💠symmetry contd.
🦠RNA viruses are either icosahedral or helical
🦠The helical RNA viruses are - MRFAB( Mr.Fab
🧑‍🎓)
Myxo, Rabies, Filo, Arena, Bunya
🦠Most other RNA viruses are icosahedral
🦠Retrovirdae-
🩸HIV -complex and conical
🦵HTLV- icosahedral

💠Encapsulated(Enveloped) or naked?
🦠All HElical viruses are ENcapsulated
🦠Icosahedral viruses are enveloped or naked
🦠NONENveloped viruses are MORE STABLE and almost always Icosahedral

( both icosahedral and nonenveloped are more stable and survive extreme environments
hence go together)
🦠Nonenveloped is sturdier/stable- hence transmitted by fecal-oral route

💠Envelope from?
the envelope is usually from plasma membrane
exceptions-
🦠herpes- from the nuclear membrane
🦠Hepatitis B- from the endoplasmic reticulum

💠Site of replication
🦠DNA viruses replicate in nucleus except pox-in cytoplasm(Pox is out of the box)
🦠RNA viruses replicate in the cytoplasm - except Retrovirus and influenza

💠SIZE
🦠largest-Poxvirus( memory aid-pox is comPLOX-BIG problem)
🦠smallest - parvovirus(memory aid-par Vo choti hai , par vo single stranded hai)
🦠largest genome - retrovirus
🦠smallest genome - Hep D f/b Hep B

💠SHAPE- easy, look up in the books😅

💠DNA viruses= HHAPPPPY
enveloped - HHP (think HP laptop with "sleeve"/"envelope")
herpes, hepadna and pox

non-enveloped/naked- PAP🤭-Papavo(polyoma and papilloma) ,adeno and Parvo

💠RNA viruses-
🦠non-enveloped viruses-PARCHae-perch
P-Picorna
A-Astro
R-Reo
C-Calici
Hae- Hepatitis A and E

Picorna has PERCH
P-Polio
E-Echo
R--Rhino
C-Coxsackie
H-Hepatitis A

💠RNA virus is negative or positive sense ss
MR FAB is negative-sense
(memory aid- Mr.Fab is a Negative nelly🧑‍🎓👎)
(same Mr.Fab as Helical stranded)

💠Genome

Segmented -BIRA🐒
B-Bunya-3(memory aid- B=3)
I- Influenza-8(orthomyxo has 2 o's)
R- Reo-11
A-Arena- 2(A2)

💠Genome contd.(usmle)
🦠Any DNA virus which ends with A has circular genome
(eg-papillomA,polyomA,hepadnA)
🦠Other DNA viruses have linear genome
(eg- parvo,adeno,herpes,pox)

💠Genome contd.
🦠All RNA viruses are linear (segmented or unsegmented- see above) EXCEPT-
AB & HepD
A-Arena -circular
B- Bunya-pseudocircular
Hep D - circular

💠HEPATITIS
🦠ABCDE-Private Hospitals Favor Dou***bag
Clients
Hep A-Picorna(RNA)
Hep B-Hepadna(partial ds DNA)
Hep C-Flaviviridae(RNA)
Hep D- deltaviridae(incomplete RNA -needs Hep B)
Hep E- Caliciviridae

💠That's it for now!
If you liked it, please RT, so it goes VIRAL💙(only for the Pun case🙃)
disclaimer- only to help with your primary source/sketchy videos.
please refer to standard textbooks in case of errors :)
Will add more if I think of something else

credit- preethi Sharma ma'am , a bunch of other youtube videos and first aid💙
#NEETPG #INICET #USMLE