#FolkloreSunday 🧵 on whale sharks as local folklore in some areas in Indonesia:
Balikukup locals in my home province East Borneo call them Hiu Nenek ("Grandmother Shark"). Seen as a benevolent grandmother, fisherfolk consider it good luck if a shark swims past their boats. 1/8
Still in East Borneo, fisherfolk of Derawan Islands and Talisayan see the sharks as a blessing, since their appearance signify more fish to catch. In Talisayan, whale sharks even swim up for "breakfast" when fisherfolk throw less-than-ideal fish from their nets to them. 2/8
Villagers of Botubarani, Gorontalo Regency, call whale sharks Munggianggo Hulalo ("Moon Shark"). When they appear, people see it as a good time to fish. Locals feed the sharks fish and shrimp's heads to beckon them, and they are so friendly that children can play with them. 3/8
People of Kwatisore, Nabire, call them Hantu Laut ("Sea Ghost"). There was an old custom to turn off the light of the boat and stay silent as a whale shark passed by, to avoid bad luck from being disrespectful. It was also seen as a sign of someone's death. 4/8
However, in Kwatisore and other areas in Cenderawasih Bay, whale sharks are also known as Gurano Bintang (bintang = "stars"), now seen in a less fearful way. Their name is also used for a boat dedicated to educational programs for locals, especially children. 5/8
People of Labuan Bajo, East Nusa Tenggara, call whale sharks Kareo Dede. These fish are believed as animals protected by the gods, and they bring good luck for fisherfolk. Being a beloved animal of the gods also give them ability to save people in the sea. 6/8
In some areas in Java, whale sharks are called Geger Lintang ("Star-studded Back"). Stories of whale sharks helping people in the sea are present in various communities, and beached sharks that cannot be saved were buried with ceremonies and prayers, like people. 7/8
Bugis fisherfolk have various names for whale sharks. One of them is Indo' Bwau, "Mother of All Fish". They see the fish as gentle giants that bring bountiful catching, and killing them brings bad luck. Some have a habit to prepare a small net of fish just for whale sharks. 8/8
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Chocolate was once associated with witchcraft in colonial Latin America. Women traditionally prepared chocolate for drink and folk medicine, so there was fear that they practiced witchcraft through chocolate, making them subjects of Inquisition's crackdown. 1/8 #FolkloreSunday
Chocolate was known as the "food of gods" and currency in ancient times. According to legend, Aztec emperor Montezuma II drank gallons of it daily for vitality. Chocolate was also consumed for strength in giving birth and menopause, or staying awake for rituals and revelries. 2/8
Women traditionally prepared chocolate drink and the association carried as the Inquisition purged "heretical practices", including folk medicine. Historian Martha Few said that many testimonies featured chocolate, like those who feared women put potion in their morning cup. 3/8
Letters from Father Christmas originates from Tolkien's tradition of writing illustrated letters to his children every Christmas, from 1920 to 1943, making them look like they come from a figure called "Father Christmas". 1/8
A 🧵for #BookWormSat #Christmas and #Tolkien
Every letter described Father Christmas' adventures in the North Pole, with squiggly handwriting and special stamps and envelopes to make them look real. In this first letter (1920), he reassured John Tolkien that he'd deliver toys to Oxford and drew his house for him. 2/8
Over time, Tolkien added new characters, from Ilbereth the Elf secretary to North Polar Bear and two bear cubs, describing and drawing their shenanigans, like when the bear slipped while carrying a pile of gifts or falling (again!) when fixing the damaged roof. 3/8
Without Christopher Tolkien (21 November 1924 - 16 January 2020), the world of #Tolkien studies and our understanding of his vast expanse of imagination would not have been like now.
A thread of birthday appreciation for #TolkienTrewsday #TolkienTuesday 1/13
📷: Josh Dolgin
Christopher was Tolkien's number one fan, the one who understood his father's work after Tolkien himself. Starting from listening to tales of Bilbo Baggins as a kid, he assisted Tolkien in drawing maps and giving feedback during the 15-year gestation of Lord of the Rings. 2/13
He briefly served in Royal Air Force, but it didn't stop his contribution to Tolkien's writing in LOTR, since his father kept sending him parts of LOTR manuscripts. In 1945, he joined The Inklings literary club following Tolkien, where he read parts of LOTR manuscripts. 3/13
19 fiction books by Palestinian authors: novels, short stories, and folktales.
1. My First and Only Love (2021) by Shahar Khalifeh. Nidal, an elderly exile, recounts the story when the 1948 Nakba scattered her family; a story of love and resistance from the eyes of a young girl.
2. Salt Houses (2017) by Hala Alyan.
A story of four generations of the Yacoubs, a middle-class family in Palestine, beginning in Nablus in 1963. It focuses on migration and the struggle between staying connected with one's traditions and still finding a home in a new country.
3. Minor Detail (2017) by Adania Shibli.
This caused a stir after Frankfurt Book Fair canceled the award ceremony for the author. It depicts tragedies shared by a Bedouin-Palestinian girl in 1949 and a woman from modern-day Ramallah who read the girl's fate in newspaper archive.
Chocolate was once associated with witchcraft in colonial Latin America. Women traditionally prepared chocolate for drink and folk medicine, so there was fear that they practiced witchcraft through chocolate, making them subjects of Inquisition's crackdown.
#FolkloreSunday 1/8
Chocolate was known as the "food of gods" and currency in ancient times. According to legend, Aztec emperor Montezuma II drank gallons of it daily for vitality. Chocolate was also consumed for strength in giving birth and menopause, or staying awake for rituals and revelries. 2/8
Women traditionally prepared chocolate drink and the association carried as the Inquisition purged "heretical practices", including folk medicine. Historian Martha Few said that many testimonies featured chocolate, like those who feared women put potion in their morning cup. 3/8
In Tolkien's works, Faerie is seen as the land of endless beauty and peril. Humility is required here, or disasters strike. The concept is also present in Hutan Larangan ("forbidden forest"), prevalent in various cultures in Indonesia. 1/8
A 🧵for #Tolkien and #FolkloreSunday
In Tolkien's early writing, an explorer, Eriol, was about to enter a tiny magical house called the Cottage of Lost Play. The house asked him to will himself to be as tiny as the "little folk" to enter. We can read it as a test of Eriol's humility. 2/8
🎨: Amani Warrington
One of Tolkien's "fairy poems" showed the consequence of acting with arrogance when you got a chance to enter the Faerie: the unnamed narrator was reduced to a rambling wreck, suffering an indescribable feeling of loss. 3/8