Tristan S. Rapp Profile picture
Jun 5, 2023 5 tweets 4 min read Read on X
It seems an odd, and paradoxically strangely nativist, notion that something cannot be authentically local because it constitutes an innovation of some originally foreign import.

Little in life is invented whole-cloth - all creativity is inspired iteration. ImageImageImageImage
Take this Danish church as an example - there is, if analysed with a scalpel, little uniquely Danish about it. Dedicated to an imported religion using imported architectural techniques full of statues and art in imported styles.

And yet, this building is inimitably Danish. Image
Is the Aneid not an authentically "Roman" work because it centres on Trojan characters & was inspired by the style and matter of Homeric Greek poetry?

Well, without the Greeks, no Aneid, it is true - but all the same, it was not a Greek but a Latin poet who put pen to page. Image
Let's take an even starker example - the famous & characteristic Australian Aboriginal "dot" style of painting was invented by a white arts-teacher named Geoffrey Bardon.

Does that mean it isn't "really" an authentic expression of Aboriginal culture? No, that is absurd. ImageImageImageImage
What is wonderful & true is not "pure invention", as if that is even a thing. It is one person, or group of people, taking from another group an idea & improving, innovating, localising it, mirroring & integrating the work of one mind in another.

Let's have none of this tosh. Image

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More from @Hieraaetus

Jan 6
As infuriating as this whole ordeal is, it is quite deeply funny, tragicomic really, that the US is forcing the Danes to dig out Erik the Red, the Kalmar Union, Denmark-Norway etc to rearticulate what is indeed on the face of it a rather strange territorial possession.
Both funny and tragicomic because the Danes have indeed more or less totally forgotten about, and stopped caring about, the actual reasons why we own Greenland - but previously that was merely the cause of domestic squabbles with Inuit separatist. Now it's a geopolitical issue.
The reality is that a large part of the Danish political/intellectual elite have spent much of the last decades essentially labeling Danish rule in Greenland as illegitimate. The Americans have just opportunistically showed up and gone "Oh really?" and now we're left scrambling.
Read 8 tweets
Oct 30, 2025
As we approach the 31st, gentle plenary reminders that:

1. The festival of All Saints Day was celebrated for over a century prior to it being moved (in the West) to the 1st of November
2. This move had nothing to do with Sámhain, and began on the continent decades before Ireland Image
3. While Sámhain is attested as a festival in pre-Christian Ireland, there is no evidence of special associations with the dead during the pagan period.
4. Most Halloween traditions, be it costuming, trick-or-treating, even divination, probably stem from England, not Ireland. Image
Image
5. Most specific customs cannot be traced back further than the High Middle Ages or even the Early Modern Period. There is little-to-no evidence linking them to *anything* in Late Antiquity, pagan, Christian or otherwise. Image
Read 5 tweets
Aug 28, 2025
Why is it that "primitive horticulturalists" - i.e. peoples such as the Dani of Papua or the Yanomami or Pirahã of South America - seem to tend towards a sort of "atheistic supernaturalism," believing in a world of invisible, often malicious spirits, but without any higher, organising powers, whilst both more sophisticated cultures *and* more primitive hunter-gathers seem to tend towards theistic cosmologies?

What happens in the jungle vegetable gardens?Image
Image
This is a genuinely strange phenomenon - there is a remarkable coalescence between the "style" of cosmology found among Papuans, Amazonians and certain Congolese tribes, all extremely distantly related but united by a common climate and lifestyle. Yet this "vegetable garden spirituality," though highly consistent among similar rainforest-dwelling Neolithics, is markedly aberrant compared to what we see both among true hunter-gatherers and more complex societies.Image
"Hunter-gatherer-grade cultures," from the various Aboriginal tribes to the San Bushmen, the Hadza and various North American peoples tend to have "higher-level" theistic cosmologies, i.e. cosmologies with clear mono- or polytheistic figures exercising demiurgic functions, though (usually) less strongly developed than in complex, urban societies.Image
Image
Read 6 tweets
Aug 28, 2025
The area of what was once Gaul went through a truly remarkable process of ethnogenesis in the period between 1-600 AD.

From a barely romanized, still essentially Iron Age Celtic culture to Christian, Germanized Gallo-Romans, all the while retaining mostly the same ancestry. Image
Image
Most people probably don't realize - I certainly didn't, originally - that the Gaulish language was still widely spoken throughout Gallia at the time of the Frankish conquest. It was the *Franks*, ironically, who completed the "Romanization" process. Image
This sort of thing is not too uncommon, actually - you have an initial tension between a colonized and a colonizer group, which may persist for generations until a *third* group conquers both, thus relativizing and diminishing the original conflict and hastening assimilation.
Read 5 tweets
May 6, 2025
A striking takeaway of the last 10 years of the aDNA revolution - from the Indo-Europeans, to the Bantu, to the Swahili, to the Japanese - is that you might sooner trust a toddler to pick out a 50-meter target with a revolver than an archaeologist to identify an ancient migration Image
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It should be self-evident that we cannot simply derive from this a reverse principle, and conclude that wherever contemporary archaeologists denied a purported migration, it really did take place - yet the scope of the discrediting is remarkable.
What are we to make of as-yet unresolved fine-grained questions, such as the Dorian invasion, the Hebrew conquest of Canaan or other traditional narratives long contested by the now-dubious consensus? Again, we cannot simply default to the inverse conclusion, but one wonders. Image
Image
Read 5 tweets
Apr 7, 2025
"Real, unembellished history" according to quite a number of historians seems to consist largely of ppl sitting around, munching bread and porridge, between periodic bursts of fighting over miscellaneous economic factors. Image
>Knight is recorded as composing a poem to persuade his captor lord to free him:
"Bet that happened lol"
>King gives a stirring speech before battle:
"Sure that happened"
>Viking is heads out to Constantinople, motivated by a dream:
"Definitely not embellished mhm" Image
Never underestimate a dusty historian's ability to regard as improbable literally any display of human spontaneity, whimsy or unconditioned willpower.
Read 4 tweets

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