A brief thread on gilts. Apologies, it's an arcane subject. But the market in government debt, much more than the Bank of England, determines the interest rate homeowners and businesses pay. Today, the yield on 2 year money rose by 26 basis points. 1/6
Inflationary pressures are persisting in the UK more than in other countries, and this is feeding through to 2nd round effects on wages. Employees and employers are being perfectly rational. We are at full employment. Labour has negotiating power, 2/6
albeit not enough to secure anything other than real wage reductions. But the BoE which has been behind the curve on interest rates has to act decisively otherwise sterling will fall creating more inflation. Higher interest rates cause massive problems for households. 3/6
They also cause massively problems for the government. Debt interest payments are already growing faster than any other spending programme, crowding out spending priorities like the NHS. An election is on the horizon. 4/6
But I can't remember an election when 18 months out interest rates were still rising steeply. It's still possible the government may get lucky: underlying inflation may come down quicker than expected. But I wouldn't bet on that. 5/6
Much more likely that the Bank of England will raise rates to a level where a recession next year becomes inevitable. As a Chancellor said 34 years ago (albeit a year further out from an election) "if it isn't hurting, it isn't working". #soundmoney 6/6
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I don't want to disappoint those wanting a speedy denouement to current market events. But it's a long and repeated game. We have a floating currency which withstands day to day market pressures. London is one of the deepest capital markets in the world. 1/
Prices can and do adjust. Most mortgage holders have at least a 2 year fixed term; many have 5 year fixes. The Bank of England don't want to be accused of causing panic (see their recent statement). They have a reputation to preserve. 2/
So, current market pressures will play themselves out over weeks and months. At any point the "authorities" can take countervailing action though none of the options is good for growth. 3/
A short thread on the history of direct taxes over the last century. The 1906 Liberal government introduced the principle that "unearned income" should be taxed at a higher rate than "earned income". This was bad news for rentiers and capitalists. Better news for workers 1/
In the People's Budget, Lloyd George widened the differential so that at the standard rate "unearned" income incurred a tax rate more than 50 per cent higher than "earned" income. For the next 70 years, Labour and Tory governments broadly accepted this principle. 2/
In the 1970s, the investment income surcharge meant those with high rental/dividend income faced a marginal rate 15% higher than those on high earnings. Then, Barbara Castle introduced the principle of earnings related national insurance to pay for earnings related benefits 3/
Over the next 7 days we will hear a lot about "fiscal rules" . First point: they are not rules. How could they be when they are changed with monotonous regularity? Rather, they are targets, or more correctly, objectives. 1/8
Second point, they only constrain policy for 12-18 months before the consequences of meeting them becomes unpalatable to the electorate and hence to government. At that point, they are suspended and then discarded. 2/8
In the past, governments changed definitions or assumptions in order to meet them. This is no longer a credible option because the independent Office for Budgetary Responsibility calls them out. 3/8