You've probably heard the phrase "33 koti devata" and assumed it means 33 crore gods but in early Vedic Sanskrit, koti doesn't only mean crore but also "class" or "type."
The 33 Vedic gods are classified as
8 Vasus + 12 Adityas + 11 Rudras + 2 Ashvins = 33 divine pillars of Vedas.
The four categories at a glance
Vasus: Deities of Material Elements
The primordial forces that shape reality: matter, space, light, and time itself.
Adityas: Personified Solar Deities
A luminous lineage that upholds ṛta (cosmic order), protects oaths, and channels prosperity.
Rudras: Storm Deities
Fierce winds that carry the breath of life, stirring prana through all living beings.
Ashvins: The Twin Healers
Dawn-riding physicians who rescue the lost and restore youth, sight, and vitality.
The Twelve Adityas
Indra: Storm King
Wielder of the thunderbolt. He shatters drought and vanquishes demons.
Aryaman: Guardian of Social Bonds
Protector of customs, pathways, and marriage covenants.
Tvashtr: The Divine Smith
Cosmic craftsman who shapes forms and forges Indra's vajra.
Varuna: Keeper of Ṛta
Sovereign of cosmic law who binds falsehood with his celestial noose.
Bhaga: The Fortune Giver
Distributor of shares/wealth, offspring, and earthly success.
Savitr: The Impelling Sun
Divine inspirer at dawn, the radiant source of the Gayatri mantra.
Mitra: Friend of the Covenant
Patron of oaths and keeper of morning's gentle light.
Aṃśa: The Share Allotter
Assigns destinies, portions, and divine boons.
Vishnu: The Three-Stride Pervader and Preserver
Cosmic measurer who encompasses earth, sky, and heaven.
Pushan: The Path Guide
Guardian of roads, herdsman of cattle, and companion of travelers.
Daksha: Master of Ritual Skill
Embodiment of order, craft, and sacrificial precision.
Vivasvat: The Solar Progenitor
Radiant ancestor of Manu, source of human lineages.
The Rigveda comprises 1,028 hymns organized into 10 books. Scholarly consensus holds that these books were not composed in their current numerical sequence.
In this thread, we explore the chronology proposed by Shrikant Talageri for the 10 Mandalas of the Rigveda.
Dr. Talageri proposes that chronologically based on internal structure and geneologic data, the temporal order for the mandalas is
6→3→7→4→2→5→8→9→10, with Book 1 containing material from multiple periods.
This chronology is established through several criteria: linguistic features, metrical patterns, ritual development, and geographical references.
The geographical data proves particularly revealing, showing a consistent pattern of expanding knowledge from eastern to western regions (proving the Out of India theory according to Dr. Talageri)
Who supported whom in the Mahabharata War?
We mapped every kingdom mentioned in the Mahabharata based on ancient texts and modern scholarship to answer one burning question:
Did your ancestors fight for the Pandavas or the Kauravas? [Thread]
The Mahabharata wasn’t just a family feud.
It was a pan-Indian conflict, drawing in tribes from Persia to Assam, Sri Lanka to the Himalayas. This war was for all purpose and intents a world war of that time. ⚔️🌏
Using the Kisari Mohan Ganguli translation and 7+ scholarly sources, we tracked down every kingdom’s role in the war.
🟠 Kauravas
🟢 Pandavas
🟡 Both
🔵 Neither
🔥 Kaurava coalition:
The northwest, Gangetic core, and some eastern powers.
Think: elite Vedic clans, early Indo-Aryan migrants, conservative powers.
Key allies:
Gandhara (Shakuni)
Kalinga
Sindhu (Jayadratha)
Madra (Shalya)
Kambojas, Sakas, Yavanas
How is Ganesha represented in countries beyond India - a thread
According to Adi Shankaracharya, like the Shaiva, Vaishnava and Shakta tradition in India, there also was a Ganapatya tradition. In this branch of Hinduism, people knew God through Ganesha.
After Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj, the Peshwas came to power in Maharashtra and were mainly responsible for the popularity of Ganesha worship as their ishta-dev. While Ganesha is mentioned in the Vedas, it was Puranic times when the deity gained popularity.
Let's discuss how the infamous Lollypop Lagelu lady impacted widespread regions of Bihar and some districts of neighbouring UP and Jharkhand to sway and shake.
As we all know, the region most impacted was Aarah - which isn't technically a district. It is part of the Bhojpur district.
As the line goes - तू लगवेलु जब लिपिस्टिक लगवेलु हिलेला आरा डिस्टिक, the region is said to 'shake' when the lady applies lipstick.
The next pair of regions that fall victim to the lady are the districts of neighbouring states - Ballia from UP and far away from the impact region - Jamshedpur (Tatangar)
गालिया प बलिया झूमे मुस्की प टाटा
The lady's cheeks claim Ballia, and her smile claims Tatanagar.