How the U.S. uses its land. (I prefer to call the "food we eat" box "crops we eat," since we also obviously eat beef/lamb/dairy products which require pastureland.)
The @FOLUCoalition has published a new report on regenerative agricultural practices and the importance of linking these practices to outcomes (including biodiversity, climate change mitigation, and yield) to guide decision-making. A quick thread: 1/ foodandlandusecoalition.org/knowledge-hub/…
The report notes that although "regenerative agriculture" is attracting lots of interest, no universal definition exists. It (wisely IMO) does not advance yet another definition, but rather focuses on evidence around a dozen ag practices usually classified as "regenerative." 2/
The report calls for linking these practices to effects on biodiversity, climate, & yield as a starting point for evaluating their effectiveness. In essence, success should not be judged by how scaled-up a practice is but rather the extent to which it helps deliver outcomes. 3/
NEW ARTICLE: GHG emissions from beef production were ~3 Gt CO2e in 2010, similar to India’s total annual emissions (the world’s 3rd-largest GHG emitter).
How can beef producers ⬇️ emissions, and how can purchasers encourage production with ⬇️ emissions? wri.org/insights/oppor…
Remember: to keep warming <1.5°C, the world needs to urgently reduce fossil fuel AND food/ag/land emissions, and emissions from both production (supply) AND consumption (demand).
So let's talk about reducing those beef production emissions. We highlight 4 main opportunities:
1. Improve efficiency and productivity. The emissions intensity of beef production varies widely around the world. Improving cattle feeds and breeds, planting pastures with improved grasses and legumes, improving veterinary care, and improving grazing management can all help.
🌿 = pasture, used savannas and scrublands
🌾 = cropland
🌳 = forests
🟩 = unforested ecosystems with minimal human use
🏜 = other land (barren, rock)
🏙 = infrastructure
Each square = ~130 million hectares
Data for circa 2015.
Source: IPCC (2019), Figure 1.1.
As the 🌎 population climbs from ~8 billion today toward 10 billion by 2050, a big challenge is to balance land uses for:
Are we talking about scaling up specific agricultural practices? Are we talking about achieving broader outcomes? And are those outcomes purely environmental, or are they also economic and social and ethical? Depends who you ask:
Even a commonly-mentioned benefit of regenerative agriculture—soil carbon sequestration to help mitigate climate change—gets complicated when you take a closer look, as we have written previously: wri.org/insights/insid…
Interesting article by @Sarah_Derouin about agroforestry in the US Midwest. Potential benefits mentioned include soil stabilization, water filtration/retention, diversification of revenue streams, C sequestration. Some pics of alley cropping/windbreaks: news.mongabay.com/2021/04/nuts-a… 1/
In the Peace Corps in Cameroon in the early 2000s I worked w/ farmers to promote alley cropping. One obstacle I often heard from farmers: planting trees can also mean planting less of what was "monocropped" before & farmers were hesitant to take land out of annual production. 2/
The theory goes that the new revenue streams (e.g., nut or fruit trees, fodder for animals) or reduced costs (e.g., N fertilizer needs) can offset the foregone crop production & it pencils out for the farmer, but would love to know more about how that works in the US context. 3/
Time will tell, but I doubt the world will look back on 2020 as the year of “peak cow.” Still too many trends pushing global meat (including beef) demand upward—although 2020 may turn out to be a downward blip in consumption, as it was in GHG emissions. cnbc.com/amp/2021/04/30…
COVID created all kinds of market disruptions in 2020 (fao.org/3/ca9509en/CA9…). But remember the world is likely to add another 2 billion people between now and 2050, incomes will likely rise, cities will grow. Historically these are all associated with rising meat consumption.
On the left is meat production since the 1960s. On the right is fish production since the 1950s.
The world did reach “peak wild fish” in the 1990s, and since then aquaculture (fish farming) has grown quickly to meet growing global fish demand.