Thread by @akshay_pachaar

Object oriented programming is essential for writing clean & modular code!

Let's clearly understand OOPs with Python! 🚀

A Thread 🧵👇

We break it down to 6 important concepts:

- Object 🚘
- Class 🏗️
- Inheritance 🧬
- Encapsulation 🔐
- Abstraction 🎭
- Polymorphism 🌀

Let's take them one-by-one... 🚀

1️⃣ Object 🚘

Just look around, everything you see can be treated as an object.

For instance a Car, Dog, your Laptop are all objects.

An Object can be defined using 2 things:

- Properties: that describe an object
- Behaviour: the functions that an object can perform

...👇

For example, a Car is an object that has properties such as color & model, and behaviours such as accelerating, braking & turning.

But, how do we create these objects❓🤔

This is where we need to understand Classes!

...👇

2️⃣ Class 🏗️

A class is like a blueprint for creating objects.

It defines a set of properties & functions (methods) that will be common to all objects created from the class.

So, we start with a simple example & follow along!

Let's define a class Car & create it's Object👇

3️⃣ Inheritance 🧬

Let's say we want to create an Electric car & don't want to define all the properties and methods of the basic Car class.

Inheritance helps us to inherit all the properties/methods of parent class & add new ones or override existing.

Check this out👇

4️⃣ Encapsulation 🔐

Encapsulation helps to bundle data and methods inside a class, restricting direct access to certain attributes and methods.

We use private attributes/methods (with a `_` or `__` prefix) to achieve this.

Here's an example 👇

5️⃣ Abstraction 🎭

This concept focuses on exposing only essential information to the outside world while hiding implementation details.

We use abstract classes and methods to define a common interface.

Here's an example 👇

At this point if Abstraction and Encapsulation confuse you! 👇

Abstraction conceals the implementation details, but doesn't hide the data itself.

On the other hand, Encapsulation hides the data and restricts unwanted use from external sources.

Cheers! 🥂

6️⃣ Polymorphism 🌀

This allows us to use a single interface for different data types or classes.

We can achieve this through method overriding, where a subclass provides a different implementation for a method defined in its parent class.

Let's understand with an example 👇

That's a wrap!

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