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A sustainable 17th century Japanese agricultural system receives FAO acknowledgment: the Musashino Forest Litter Compost (武蔵野の落ち葉堆肥農法). How the badlands of a volcanic soil alluvial plateau became a system of market gardens supplying Edo (Tokyo) with food. (thread) 
In the early 17th century the Musashino plateau north west of Edo was unusable for agriculture but the city's population was growing rapidly. With soil of volcanic ash and gravel there was no water and no fertility when the Kawagoe Clan were tasked with feeding the new capital.
Their solution was to create narrow farms, 73x682m on average, anchored by a planted forests whose tree leaf litter was collected each winter, composted, and then used to build a fertile soil to grow leafy vegetables.
The trees gave their litter to build soil fertility, the forests performed water recharge services and stopped the thin soil from blowing away while provided energy and charcoal, falcon breeding space and building materials for the farmers. The system is still in use.
For another sustainable agricultural system see this:
https://twitter.com/wrathofgnon/status/1651520037935812608
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