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Spike

@spikesguides

Jan 30

🧵Most people think a “Modern Minuteman” means expensive gear and night vision, missing the entire point

The original Minutemen weren’t defined by equipment.

They were citizens trained to respond and coordinate immediately.

That’s a tradition worth reclaiming.

The "Army of One" is a fantasy.

Minutemen were citizens drilled to be a quick reaction force, an integral part of the "well-regulated militia".

My new book, "Modern Minuteman," is a primer for those who want to be an asset, not a liability, with over 400 pages of knowledge!

I wrote this because field manuals are often too dense for newcomers.

They assume that the reader has gone through basic training and has been educated on everything from weapons handling to drills.

This book acts as a bridge, educating readers on the baseline skills and walking through various drills to practice without bogging them down in jargon and confusing nomenclature.

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Spike

@spikesguides

Jan 29

You can’t fight alone.

You fight as a fireteam — four men acting as one.

This is where real tactics begin. 🧵

Fireteams.

After mastering the buddy team and understanding the basics of how to maneuver as a unit composed of individuals, the next logical step is the fireteam. The fireteam is composed of four to five men and makes up one half to one third of a normal squad. The fireteam is compact, easy to maneuver, and much more self-sufficient than a buddy team. The fireteam is the smallest unit that is capable of coordinated simultaneous fire and movement.

Fireteams in their most basic form are composed of a team leader (TL), a rifleman, an automatic rifleman, and a grenadier as per US military doctrine. In a more irregular context, the team may be composed of three rifleman and a TL, one automatic rifleman, a TL, and two riflemen, or even a situation where there is a TL, a rifleman, a breacher, and a medic. Generally specialized inserts are added based on the mission and tasks needed to be conducted or threats that are anticipated; at the same time manpower constraints can lead to more unique fireteam compositions.

Regardless of the composition, the functional principles are that fireteams feature firepower, command and control, flexibility, and ideally specialization. This is what allows fireteams to operate as cells within the greater body that is a squad.

Common Team Roles and Responsibilities.

As stated previously, fireteam composition with irregular forces can vary, this will be a breakdown of the four common roles as per US military doctrine first and then moving onto others that may pop up in an irregular setting or with more specialized fireteams.

The doctrinal big four are, as mentioned, a team leader (TL), an automatic rifleman (AR), a grenadier (G), and a rifleman (R).

The TL’s job is to command the team and issue fire commands and coordinates with higher leadership (usually the squad leader). The team leader’s primary weapon is communication and control. The TL generally carries a rifle or carbine and a radio to communicate with other squads, he may also have a compass and protractor along with maps for orientation.

The AR holds the unique position of sustaining suppressive fire, using some type of weapon suited for such a task, this can be a box magazine fed rifle or even a belt-fed system. His objective is to control the team’s rate of fire and anchors the base of fire in contact. That is to say, he keeps heads down while the rest of the team pinpoints and picks off the rest. The AR must understand how their system operates under sustained fire and how to mitigate issues such as barrel swapping or judiciously utilizing fire, they need to have fire discipline and ammunition management skills, and be able to operate in a support position rapidly (drawing sectors of fire, estimating ranges effectively, and able to leverage their weapon into the environment to provide stable fire).

The G(renadier) employs some form of grenade launcher to provide high angle fragmentation, smoke, and illumination. This can be done with an underbarrel option or a dedicated platform. Their skills are crucial when dislodging hostiles from cover, breaking up attacks, and providing concealment during movement. The grenadier otherwise generally carries the same equipment as the rifleman.

The R(ifleman) is the most flexible position. A jack of all trades and master of none. They can provide accurate and direct fire and often double as assistants to Ars or grenadiers. They often carry mission-specific gear such as AT weapons and extra batteries.

Along with the big four, irregular forces may utilize other team members for specialization purposes or due to sheer lack of manpower and necessity. There are untold numbers of specialties and roles out there, sometimes individuals may cover multiple specialties at once, but the most common individual roles are: designated marksmen (DMR), breachers, anti-tank (AT), combat lifesaver (CLS) or medic (corpsman), communications or SIGINT operator, engineer/demolitions, scout/pointman, and drone operator.

The DMR is a rifleman trained with the use of precision weapons at intermediate ranges, generally between 300 and 700 yards. They utilize some form of an accurized rifle with magnified optics. Their objective is to fill the roll between a rifleman and a sniper. The DMR provides overwatch, counters hostile DMRs, and provides longer distance and accurate fire.

The breacher handles the use of entry tools in the act of breaching. While breaching is an act conducted as a group, a breacher handles the entry tools such as shotguns, sledgehammers, or explosive charges and employs them effectively during a breaching operation. The breacher generally carries a rifle or carbine.

The AT’s primary job is to counter hostile armor and vehicles. They generally carry a shoulder fired heavy weapon such as a rocket or recoiless weapon’s system. It is not uncommon in irregular forces for the AT and breacher to be hybridized as a singular man. The AT generally carries a rifle or a carbine.

CLS, or Combat Life Saver, is a soldier who can provide advanced trauma care beyond the MARCH (massive hemorrhage, airway, respiration, circulation, hypothermia (see combat medicine)) baseline. They generally carry an expanded IFAK or a CLS bag with more bandages and IV gear but not the full medical suite of a corpsman. They bridge the gap between individual aid and professional care. A corpsman on the other hand is a medical specialist responsible for the triage, treatment, and evacuation of casualties. The corpsman carries a full aid bag complete with medications, airway kits, chest seals, the works. They are generally not embedded within every fireteam but may be present within one. The CLS or medic generally carries a carbine.

The comms/SIGINT operator manages radios, data links, or even field telephones. They may also be used for intercepting signals, coordinating UAV data, and maintaining encryption discipline. They are likely to double as a rifleman.

Engineers/demolitions are responsible for field engineering tasks such as construction of obstacles, laying charges, demolishing hostile positions, or rigging explosives for ambush sites. They generally carry detonators in a case, tape, wire, det cord, and prepared explosives. The engineer/demo-man generally carry a rifle or carbine.

Scouts/pointmen are the lead element of a patrol or team, that is to say, they are the man in the front leading the rest along, not leading the team in a commanding way generally. Their job is to be the tip of the spear. They scan the environment for movement, traps, and any other anomalies. They must be skilled in reading the terrain, reaction drills, and have the best situational awareness. The scout likely doubles as a rifleman.

Drone operators provide real time intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) for the fireteam or squad. They generally carry some form of a small UAV that is deployed for shorter range observation. They can then relay visual intelligence to the TL, maintain greater situational awareness as the team moves, mark or lase targets (or drop small munitions on targets) depending on the drone’s capabilities. The drone operator generally carries a carbine or a rifle and doubles as a rifleman.

The fireteam can be composed of many individual parts, as seen above, but is a series of individuals that make up a robust organism where it’s strength lies within it’s ability to leverage firepower, communications, flexibility, and discipline to move and fight as one.

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Spike

@spikesguides

Jan 27

You’ve seen it in Heat. Val Kilmer sprints, drops, and covers De Niro in the middle of a firefight. That’s not Hollywood flash, it’s real doctrine. 🧵

"I’m up, he sees me, I’m down."

IMT explained.

Individual Movement Techniques (IMT)

Individual movement is the most basic foundational block for all unit tactics. Whether it be raids, patrolling, bounding, or any movement done in the field, IMT is the baseline that everything else is built upon. IMT at face value seems like a silly topic to cover, you may tell yourself that “I already know how to do an army crawl and I know how to run!” but IMT, and training it, is what allows individuals to properly move under fire and resist freezing, overreacting, or in a worst case: standing straight up. IMT drills are done to prevent this and inoculate against fear responses.

Core Techniques of IMT

IMT can be broken down into four movement techniques and one communication technique. These movement techniques are the low crawl, the high crawl, the 3-5 second rush, and transitions.

The low crawl is conducted the body flat against the ground. The individual’s rifle is cradled across their forearms and the body is pushed along the ground with the toes and elbows, moving inches at a time. This is the one of the slowest ways of moving but it keeps the body low to the earth and less easily spotted. The low crawl is often used with cover is minimal, concealment is minimal, or hostile fire is heavy. It excels when used in tall grass, brush, shadows, and depressions in the land.

Opposing the low crawl is the high crawl. The high crawl is conducted with the rifle cradled tight in the arms, with the stock deep into the pit of the inside pivot of the elbow. This is the traditional “army crawl,” where the individual moves via the opposite arm and leg moving in unison. The individual’s weight is primarily on their forearms and knees. This crawl is faster than a low crawl but still maintains a low profile. The high crawl is more beneficial when there is light cover present or when concealing in broken terrain with scattered obstacles.

The after mastering crawling, the 3-5 second rush, quite literally, has the individual running. The individual begins in the prone position, pushes their body upwards, and begins sprinting for no longer than 3-5 seconds. They then drop to the prone position again with their rifle pointed towards the threat. This is the movement behind bounding and common phrase, “I’m up, he sees me, I’m down.” The 3-5 second rush was built upon studies of human reaction and target acquisition time. It is the primary movement technique under fire.

Rounding out the movement techniques are transitions. Transitions are exactly as they sound, the movement from one position to the next. The 3-5 rush uses the prone to rush technique where the individual pushes their body smoothly and they avoid raising their head first. At the end of the rush, they transition with the rush to prone technique where the individual performs a controlled drop, rolls slightly, and has their rifle ready. Another transition conducted is the prone-roll where the individual is in the prone position and rolls their body to move laterally without exposing themselves. Making small shifts like this can disrupt hostile aim without exposing the body from cover or concealment.

Finally there are the communication techniques. Communication is critical for small units. Units need to know when individuals are moving to avoid friendly fire casualties, particularly when under fire. This is exemplified in the film “Heat” where Val Kilmer’s and Robert De Niro’s characters call out when to move and when they are moving. Yelling “moving!” prior to moving, particularly when responded with the call, “move!” is paramount to both preventing accidents as well as preventing both individuals from moving out of cover at once. In cases where movement is needed but stealth is required, hand and arm signals can be employed. The communication aspect of moving, particularly when employed with a 3-5 rush while bounding under fire, is key to preventing casualties.

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Spike

@spikesguides

Jan 26

Your rifle is only as useful as your fundamentals. A lot of people are skipping them.

They’re relying on gear to hide bad habits.🧵

Here’s how to train the basics correctly:

Basic Marksmanship

The most fundamental skill needed for any proper rifleman, automatic rifleman, DMR, minuteman, or anyone who anticipates needed to employ long guns in a defensive posture is marksmanship. One’s ability to reliably aim, fire, and correct fire at close and moderate ranges is imperative, whether they are using iron sights, red dots, or a magnified scope, the fundamentals are the same. These fundamentals should be rock solid before things such as upgraded triggers, high end grips, and expensive scopes are bought. While useful, these things can help compensate for poor fundamentals, hurting you in the long run.

Fundamentals.

The objective of marksmanship is to be able to make shots safely, repeatedly, and precision. Precision in this case means consistency. Inputs creating similar outputs (groups). Accuracy on the other hand is when the target is hit at the intended location. Precision should be sought first, then accuracy, then finally extending reach. Mastering the fundamentals at 25 yards (25 meters) will make reaching out to targets at 75 yards or greater much easier. There are four physical fundamentals behind making consistent shot placement, they are grip, stance, sight picture, and trigger control.

The grip and hold one has on their rifle does give a greater impact on one’s ability to consistently put shots on target than many realize. Now there are many schools of thought behind using things like C-clamps, and more. Rather than getting into the weeds with that, instead we will cover the basics. The rifle should be held firmly in both hands but without a heavy death grip, a death grip results in muscles that tire rapidly, fatigue will make aiming more difficult. With your dominant hand, hold the pistol grip of the rifle and use your other hand to support the rifle. You can support the rifle by cupping the bottom of the handguard or by grasping it on the side, wrapping your hand around the entire handguard (this is the C-clamp). Do whichever is more comfortable for you and your build. When aiming, the support hand will control elevation and recoil. Your dominant hand’s job is to control the trigger.

When it comes to stances there are three primary schools of thought, there is the competition position, the bladed stance, and modern squared stance. Most militaries teach the modern squared stance, the bladed stance is an older hunting/USMC competition shooting stance, and the competition stance is great for Olympic shooting but is not particularly useful for someone in a firefight. Because of this, I will only explain the modern squared stance and leave the door open to you to investigate the others should you find the squared stance unsatisfactory. The squared stance has you position yourself by placing your feed shoulder-width apart with your lead foot slightly forward by a few feet at most. Your torso is then kept facing the target, keeping it “square.” Your shoulders should be rolled forward with the rifle firmly pressed into the area between the chest and shoulder, finally your elbows should be facing downward, not parallel to the ground. This position allows you to more easily control recoil, transition to different stances and directions, and works fantastically with armor (since your armor faces the threat).

Following the list, next is getting a good sight picture. Sight picture is the relationship between your eye, the aiming apparatus (sight or reticle), and the target. Sight picture is how the shooter sees the target and sights together as one to ensure that the projectile goes whether they intend it to. Later on we will cover the different aiming systems but for now we will discuss the different core rules of aiming. The first rule being the act of having a consistent eye placement, sometimes called having a good cheek weld. This means that your eye should be in the same spot every time you look through your sights to ensure that they are consistently presented the same, this is done by bringing your cheek to the buttstock of the rifle and looking through your sights (irons, dot or whatever you use), this should be consistent every time, some platforms like the AK may require a “chin weld” but the process is the same, the objective is consistent eye placement done in a comfortable way. The second rule is focus. When aiming, your eye focus will be different depending on your apparatus. When using iron sights, your focus should be on your front sight and your target should be slightly blurry, with a red dot your focus should be on the target with your dot on-top of the target, for most shooters they will appear on the same focal plane, scopes place the reticle and target together in the same focal plane by adjusting the diopter and parallax so that the target and reticle is crisp.

The final universal fundamental is trigger control and follow through. Trigger control is the consistent application of force on the trigger finger so the rifle fires exactly when the sights are on the target. Follow through is the ability to maintain sight picture while making the shot, this is done to ensure that no movement happens between the time the trigger activates the weapon and the projectile leaves the rifle. Good trigger control and follow through creates predictable points of impact and results in fewer flinches with new shooters. Before even shooting, knowing your platform’s trigger will benefit you greatly. Knowing the amount of force it takes to pull the trigger and know where it “breaks” (fires the weapon) allows you to learn how to apply smooth pressure rather than rapid and jerky trigger pulls. When pulling the trigger, the trigger should be pulled straight backwards and the index finger should be placed in a way that when pulling, it moves only in the backwards directions without any rotation. Finally, knowing your trigger’s “reset” (distance it must travel forwards before it can fire again) can help you prepare for easy follow up shots without disrupting your sight picture too much. When it comes to follow through, maintaining a proper sight picture and pressure for a second, and then worked down to a half second or less, after the break will help train you to avoid any sort of unnecessary movements after firing the weapon. The goal of all of this is to eliminate any flinches or recoil anticipation, create a perfect lateral pull, and avoid poor follow-through. I want to also make a brief note that breathing plays a role in trigger pulls, don’t hold your breath on a deep inhale before a shot, it introduces natural shaking, instead hold on an exhale if you are going to do that.

The four fundamentals of marksmanship are universal regardless of your weapon, caliber, or sighting system. Mastery of the fundamentals allows you to be more consistent and eventually more precise. You will find that shooters with good fundamentals produce consistent groupings on targets even with unfamiliar weapons compared to those without them.

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Spike

@spikesguides

Dec 22, 2025

You’re moving through the woods. It’s quiet. Too quiet.

Would you recognize the signs of an enemy lying in wait, or stroll straight into their kill zone? 🧵

Reconnaissance

Reconnaissance, or recon for short, is the deliberate collection of information relating to hostile forces, terrain, and the environment that forces will be operating within. Recon’s central objective is to gather intelligence, not to engage in kinetic actions. The intelligence gained from recon operations can give smaller fighting units the tactical edge that they need to leverage against a larger, hostile force. Without recon, forces are operating blindly in an area, working against the whims of the battlespace, but when teams are operating with the intelligence gained from proper recon, they can set the terms of their fights.

Purpose of Reconnaissance.

There are five primary objectives of the recon mission and the use of recon in general. They are: gathering information on the enemy, learning the area’s terrain, providing an early warning against enemy activity, supporting operational planning, and giving a psychological edge.

When gathering information on enemy personnel, recon teams can quantify and note things such as the number of enemy personnel, their uniforms, units, weapons, locate supply lines, and even estimate morale. Recon teams also observe and note movement patterns, keeping eyes on when guard shifts change, patrol timings, and convoy schedules.
Teams that are performing terrain study, also known as area study, are identifying potential choke points, highlighting natural cover and concealment, obstacles, and defensible terrain. Teams also take note of important local resources such as water, shelter, escape routes, and in some cases even food sources.

With regards to early warnings, recon teams sweep areas to detect likely ambush locations, or even identify actively manned ambush positions, IEDs, land mines, or enemy troop concentrations prior to contact. Recon teams identifying threats before the rest of the element enters the area can save lives by having maneuver elements avoid ambushes entirely or maneuvering around area denial assets.

Operations that are planned with good area intelligence are doomed to fail. The intelligence gained by recon teams can be the difference between a successful raid or ambush or total failure. Teams that identify and locate defensive positions based on avenues of approach are spotted during recon operations. While ambushes can be conducted in an ad-hoc way, an ambush planned around good area intelligence will almost always go better than the one without.

The mind is as important of a battlefield as the physical one, the status and soundness of it influence every facet of operations from the command level to the individual. Units that know the ground they are working on and the basics about their enemy in the area will operate more confidently and effectively than those who are working in the dark, giving them a psychological boost. At the same time, an enemy that knows they’re being scouted are likely to be more paranoid and apprehensive when working in the field. Finally, leaders that are equipped with quality intelligence will make faster, and better decisions.

Recon operations are conducting much more analysis than squinting on top of a hill at an enemy base (despite what Guntubers will tell you). Proper recon is as integral to the planning and conducting of operations as well as the overall proper functioning of a unit as equipment and supplies. Reconnaissance is how the intelligence that makes or breaks plans is gathered.

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Spike

@spikesguides

Dec 21, 2025

A lot of people prepare for contact. Fewer prepare for the part that happens first: being detected.

This thread is a tour of the specialized threats that make that gap costly. 🧵

Specialized Threats and Countermeasures.

“You can't say that civilization don't advance, for in every war they kill you a new way.”
-Will Rogers

The postmodern battlefield is radically different from the battlefields of the Second World War or even those of the Global War on Terror. It brings with it unique and specialized threats that riflemen should be keenly aware of in order to avoid meeting an untimely end. While a number of the threats that are encountered in the battlespace today are the same as they were 100 years ago, the tactics used by the threat actor and those countering it have changed. Snipers, IEDs, ISR assets, and landmines have all adapted to the 21st century in various ways while threats such as peers using NVGs and thermal observation equipment and drones are relatively new to the western battlespace.

It should be noted that this is not a be-all-end-all guide to identify and mitigate these threats perfectly. There are entire books dedicated to each subject. The goal is to familiarize yourself with them and understand the basics of them. Not everyone is going to encounter the same threats and some may never encounter any of them. Having a basic understanding, at the very least, puts you in a space that allows you to more proactively approach situations where they may be present or react to them in a more level headed way. Every threat encountered in the battlespace is unique in its own way and not every strategy is perfect to engage it, use common sense and discretion in the field.

Snipers.

Snipers exist to operate as force multipliers, appliers of psychological pressure, disruptors of command and control, or are used for targeting and eliminating specific personnel. They are usually identified by their telltale signatures of single-round fire, precision of hits, and their firing from heavy concealment followed by movement. Snipers can operate in any environment and make use of their terrain in various and unique ways.

In rural settings, snipers are more likely to engage in long-range overwatch of strategic or key areas, likely from elevated natural terrain such as ridges, treelines, and rock formations. They employ the use of natural camouflage and hand-made ghillie suits. They may have hide sites dug into the earth or concealed by foliage such as bushes.

Some potential detection cues for these snipers are unnatural terrain disruption in the area (flattened bushes, cut branches, trimmed brush), reflection or glint from sunlight hitting scopes, particularly during sunrise or sunset, local civilians may entirely avoid areas that are known sniper-dominated zones, and intermittent single-shot fire with long intervals between shots.

Potential mitigation strategies for rural area snipers are the use of terrain masking, having units move behind hills, rocks, trees, low ridges, and reverse slopes to cover themselves from potential sniper fire in certain directions. Avoiding open fields and roads and making use of bounding movement is a solid way to avoid easy detection while providing security while moving through areas that may have snipers. The use of smoke or other obscurants while crossing danger areas like roads or clear areas can make target acquisition harder. Finally the use of decoy targets such as mannequins and helmets on sticks, or use of decoy heat sources can draw fire.

Snipers operating in suburban areas will make use of abandoned homes, attics, and other multi-story buildings as hide sites. They are likely to employ shoot-and-scoot style tactics where they set up in a hide, take a few shots, and then rapidly leave the area. They may operate alone or with spotters in nearby structures or even local civilian populations. They are likely to engage at shorter distances than rural snipers but will exploit longer sightlines such as long and open roadways.

Potential detection cues include (but once again are not limited to) curtains or blinds being out of place or shifted in an unnatural manner, rooftop access doors being left open or having signs of being pried open, flat top roofs with singular bricks pushed out to create murderholes, improvised holes in fences, hedges, building walls, garages, or other areas for firing, and flash reports that will be more visible at night if the sniper does not have a flash suppression device.

Suburban snipers are tricky to engage because of their shoot-and-scoot tactics. Prior to any units holding a building or ground, dismounted clearing of potential sniper hides is a must. Units should avoid any obvious danger zones that funnel them into neat lines such as roads, alleyways, hedgerows, or anything of the sort. When crossing open terrain, units should use vehicle armor, hasty cover, or even soft-skinned vehicles such as civilian cars for concealment when rapidly crossing. Finally the use of thermal imaging devices will make spotting sniper threats much easier, but remember that they may also be utilizing thermal optics.

Urban sniper threats are likely to come from higher angles, that is to say, elevated terrain inside of skyscrapers and other multistory buildings, similar to that during the siege of Sarajevo. The use of pre-cut murderholes and coordination with spotters is likely to be conducted in a similar manner as suburban snipers. They are likely to use shorter engagement distances, sometimes as close as 50 meters away.

Detection of these snipers is done first and foremost from gunshots coming from rooftops or from behind defilade on elevated levels of buildings. Snipers are going to leave behind murderholes that can indicate to units that a sniper has been in an area. Interrupted civilian patterns, such as avoiding streets, blocks, or even crosswalks, can indicate snipers in an area. Finally the audiovisual report of their weapons may be identifiable as buildings are likely to reflect and carry more sound.

Avoiding and mitigating the threat of these snipers is similar to that of suburban snipers with the added threat of the increased height of buildings in urban centers. Roofline overwatch is a necessity when crossing in these areas and the use of the heavy corners of buildings as cover is a must. Suppressive fire on suspected positions can force snipers into cover while units cross danger areas. Finally the use of mirrors or optics on poles (including trench periscopes) to check blind spots around corners has been employed by units such as the IDF in Israel and the Russian military in Grozny.

Some additional comments are that sniper calibers are likely to vary. Snipers in rural environments are engaging at long distances, likely with heavy duty calibers such as .338 Lapua, .300 Winchester Magnum, or even 7.62x54R. Snipers in more suburban or urban areas may use 5.56 or even as small as .22 LR caliber weapons with suppressors to hide themselves better. Snipers with thermal scopes and rangefinders are also becoming increasingly common, especially during state-backed and proxy forces as seen in Ukraine, Syria, and Israel. Civilian defenders and riflemen are likely to lack the resources for precision counter-sniper work and may more effectively focus their efforts on avoidance and detection than engagement.

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