In 1996 rumours were swirling around the Brazilian state of Rondônia - a wild man was living in the jungle, alone. Govt tribal officials went to investigate, eventually tracking him down.
The story of the Man-of-the-Hole:
The Brazilian Amazon has long been under threat from illegal logging and mining, much of which is in conflict with the tribes who live on the land.
Sometime during the 1970's some such loggers or ranchers attacked the Akuntsu and Kanoé tribes, attempting to clear them off the land. They likely attacked another group at the same time, a people whose name is unknown to us.
When agents of the FUNAI indigenous protection agency went to investigate claims of this wild man, they found a small group of huts which had recently been bulldozed. The nearby Akuntsu had also been reduced to just six people, the rest killed by men with chainsaws and guns.
FUNAI surmised that this lone survivor was the last of his tribe, and he had disappeared into the forest. They tried to contact him, leaving gifts, tracking him. One agent got an arrow to the chest, the message was clear - leave me alone.
Surveys of his movements revealed that he built temporary huts, grew maize and maniac, hunted with a bow and gathered wild fruits and honey.
He also did something curious, along with building spiked-bottom pit traps, he always dug a deep hole inside every hut he ever built. Similar holes were found in his ancestral bulldozed village. Not knowing his name, he was dubbed the Man-of-the-Hole.
In 2007 FUNAI were concerned that he would be smoked out by continual logging and land intrusions, so they legally demarcated 31 sq miles around him as the Tanaru Indigenous Territory.
In 2009 he was attacked by unknown gunmen, presumably wanting him dead to open up the territory. He survived the attack.
He knew he was being watched, and in 2018 FUNAI made the decision to publicise some video of him, along with other uncontacted tribes, as part of an awareness raising campaign.
Almost exactly a year ago today, agents discovered the man dead in his hammock. He had decorated himself with macaw feathers, as if he knew he was going to die, he planned his own funeral as much as he could.
His identity will remain a mystery, as will his language, his people, his culture, his religion. He spent at least 26 years on his own, digging his holes and trying to escape the world.
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*Haiti Update April 2025* - the international Kenyan led forces have failed to dislodge the gangs now running the capital, cholera outbreaks have been noted, gang rape is rife and the homicide rate continues to increase.
Rival gangs are looking to spread outside of Port-au-Prince, targeting prisons, roads and buses for kidnapping operations. There's something surreal about the fact that a gang faction called 'Taliban' has a stronghold in a suburb of Port-au-Prince called Canaan.
Politically Haiti is currently ruled by an unelected council, since it has been unable to commence elections and there are no legitimate politicians left to rule. The hope is that new elections will be run in Nov 2025, but the gangs are seeking to destabilise this situation.
Around AD 1500 this six month old child was buried under a pile of flat stones and sealskins, in the shadow of a large cliff at Qilakitsoq, Greenland. Centuries later experts determined he was likely buried alive, on the body of his mother 🧵
Qilakitsoq is in eastern Greenland, and was occupied by the Thule Inuit, who arrived circa AD 1250. They pushed out the original Dorset Culture people, and named the site Qilakitsoq, meaning 'that which has little sky', a reference to the high cliffs.
In 1972 a pair of brothers out grouse hunting stumbled upon a burial site in the cliffs.
Somewhere between 500-800 million people rely on cassava root as their main source of carbohydrate. Incredibly it looks like many of them suffer from chronic cyanide poisoning as a result of improper preparation
The quantity of cyanide depends on the cultivar, growing conditions and differences between the root and leaves of the tuber. The amount ranges from 15-1000mg cyanide per kilo of root.
Turning raw cassava root into a safe and edible food requires careful processing to reduce the cyanogenic glycosides. A combination of crushing/fermenting, plus drying seems best - some simple methods like boiling do very little to detoxify the root.
A thread on the Pacific Dwarf mythology that accompanied the Austronesian expansion - the Primordial Little People Type-Tale
The dominant hypothesis as to why many Austronesian-Polynesian cultures have a foundational little-people story, is that when the proto-Austronesians arrived in Taiwan they found a short statured Palaeolithic people already living there.
This theory was recently strengthened by the discovery of 'negrito-like' human remains in Taiwan, dating back around 6000 years. The skull shows many similarities to other Negrito and African San peoples.
In 2016 the British Dental Journal identified a new child protection issue - the sub Saharan practice of gouging out the healthy tooth buds of children, euphemistically called 'Infant Oral Mutilation' (IOM) 🧵
IOM is the practice of removing erupting infant teeth in order to prevent ill physical and spiritual health - the buds are believed to be tooth worms or bad spirits which cause diarrhea and fevers. The cure is to remove the primary teeth.
The teeth are extracted in an extremely crude and painful manner, using bike spokes, penknives, hot nails, fingernails, razor blades etc, without anaesthetic and with the high risk of blood loss and subsequent infection, including passing on HIV or hepatitis B.
Thread of pictures from Australia, taken from the book Peoples Of All Nations (1922) Vol I.
The British authors survey both the European and Aboriginal inhabitants, considering the former to be a "sub-type of the British race... far more assertive, self-confident, ruthless"
"The Sturdy Stock They Raise On Australian Farms" - the authors mention the low birth rate in the cities, but praise the outdoor Australian lifestyle, as well as pointing to new technologies replacing older rural livelihoods.