In 1912, the Newspaper carried a vivid account of the Seppuku of the General Nogi Maresuke(1849 –1912) and his wife Shizuko.
The head of the Akasaka Police department said there were many false rumors about the Seppuku of Shogun Nogi and his wife,
"Incorrect details regarding the Waripuku (Seppuku) of the Shogun Nogi at the eight o’clock in the evening on the 13th of September (the day of the Meiji Emperor’s funeral). For this reason I would like to tell the truth about what happened in his final moments.”
I have bore witness to many suicides however I have never before encountered such a Bushido-like taking of one’s life. All I can say is that it was exemplary in every way. The Shogun was found on the second floor of his home. He was sitting in Seiza with just his undershirt on.
In bottom of his belly a Gunto or military sword had been stabbed in and pulled across his stomach from the left. The cut moved slightly upward to the right, 25cm and then rotated upward. He then cut up. It was magnificent in its accordance with the precepts laid down for Seppuku
From there he put the sword point on his windpipe and placed the handle on the tatami mat floor. He then threw his weight forward onto it and the sword tip extended tome 6 Sun or 19 centimeters out of the back of his neck. He was found partially slumped over.
Beside him was his wife in her full regalia. With a knife of some 7 Sun, 22 cm, in length she had cut open her windpipe with one slash and turned the knife around and placed it upon her heart. She then fell forward onto the knife with the hilt placed on the pillow before her.
The blade stabbed through her heart and protruded out her back. The position she was found in showed that her knees had never moved.
The scene of the two in their final movements caused those who laid eyes on it to straighten themselves up.
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Warfare in Japan
280 AD
According to the Treatise on the Wa People, when the Chinese encountered the Japanese they lived in a land with no cattle, horses, tigers, leopards or sheep. They fought with spears & bows. By the Nara period (710~94) they had begun fighting on horseback.
Heian~Kamakura period (794~1333)
Sakanoue Tamuramaro was sent north to fight the Ezo barbarians, and returned to Kyoto victorious having taken 457 heads, captured 150 warriors w/ 85 horses & burned 75 villages. Following that, noble households began emphasizing mounted combat.
Kublai Khan attacks 1274 & 1281
To achieve victory generals needed 4~500 mounted warriors skilled at horseback archery. Battles were very orderly with both sides lining up & warriors seeking personal honor. When the mongols attacked they got their baptism in group combat tactics.
In the mid-14th century, during the reign of King Satto, the royal priestess set off by boat to Kudaka Island for a ceremony that was conducted once every twelve years. This island is were the deity Amamikyu descended and founded the Ryukyu Islands.
On the way to the island, a huge storm struck the ship the royal priestess was on, blowing it wildly off-course. It drifted for a long time before shipwrecking on the shore of Japan in Kii Domain.
While the village chief in Kii Domain offered aid to the shipwrecked Ryukyu party, he became enamored with the royal priestess, seeking to marry her. She reluctantly agreed.
However one of her handmaids, who was very clever, suggested the priestess tattoo the backs of her hands.
The proper way to attach labels to heads taken in battle.
Affix to the left side of the hair
From An Illustrated Guide to Military Affairs
1707
For the head of a warrior monk, the tag should be on the left year.
The tag should list:
Name
Rank
Person who took head
When presenting the severed head of the enemy to the Taisho (general) etiquette dictates that you place one knee on the ground and only present one side (the left side) of the face.
Scene inside an Edo Era prison. The guards basically let the prisoners manage themselves. All the tatami mats have been pulled off the ground (leaving a wooden floor beneath) and the higher ranked prisoners sit on top of stacks based on seniority/ power-level. Newer prisoners were searched for valuables and punishments were meted out.
Conditions were poor inside the prison since the toilet was in the same room. While they received regular visits from a doctor, the care was perfunctory and up to 1,000 prisoners died a year.
If you were a new prisoner, you would first meet "the key" a prisoner in charge of prisoners entering and leaving the cell. You would be stripped naked and beaten on the ass with a floorboard or stick to remove any resistance.
You would then be searched find any money, knives, documents or fire-making implements. You would then be questioned closely about what crimes he committed in the outside world. They would also ask "Do you have a lifeline?" meaning, "Do you have any money?"
Nyujo入定typically means a state of intense meditation however in Shingon Mikkyo Buddhism this describes doing intense fasting & training in order to enter a permanent state of meditation that will last past death.Mummies of people who achieve this state are called Sokushinbutsu.
A monk, after committing himself to celibacy and spreading Buddhism, known as Issei Gyojin世行人, will next spend five and a half years reducing his diet from ten different grains, to five and then eventually only to water. This is called Mokujiki-Gyo木食行 “tree food training”
When he expires, other monks adjust his body position that may have changed in the throes of death. He is then sealed inside a pine coffin.
The Bakufu government wanted to prevent insurrection by controlling the flow of weapons & to watch the movement of the wives and children of Daimyo, since they were required to live in Edo every other year.
Thus up through 1869 permits were required at checkpoints.
A Daimyo sending his wife back to his domain might signal the beginning of an insurrection. While all travelers had to have a travel permit, the ones for women were more detailed and the inspections were stricter. For example, they had to define the “type of woman.”
The document was called an Onna Tegata 女手形, woman’s travel permit. The permit had to describe the woman in detail, such as
Zen nun
Nun
Young girl under 15
Crazy woman
Woman with her hair cut short
Corpse of a woman
Transporting a matchlock required a 鉄砲手形 Teppo Tegata