On 28 April 1986, in the Ashoka Hall of Rashtrapati Bhavan, the 87-year-old General Kodandera Madappa Cariappa was invested with the rank of Field Marshal and presented the baton of office by President Giani Zail Singh.
The book titled Field Marshal K.M. Cariappa written by his son, Air Marshal K.C. Cariappa (Retd), gives a detailed account of the event. He writes:
“It was a particularly memorable event for us in the family. His two surviving brothers Nanjappa and Bopaiah had arrived from Kodagu to be present at the Investiture Ceremony. The Ashoka Hall was filled to capacity by the high and the mighty of the land. Father was in his dress uniform, something he had not worn for many, many years. He wore, as always, narrow pointed shoes.+
At that time he was being treated for a particularly painful toe on his right foot. In fact at home he would always wear a shoe on the left foot, but allowed himself to wear a slipper on the right. He would often be in excruciating pain, but always maintained a stiff upper lip. For the investiture he would not hear of not wearing a shoe on his swollen foot.+
He arrived at Rashtrapati Bhavan where he was received with due ceremony, and ushered to the special chair where he was to sit alone till after the investiture. He refused to use a walking stick though he limped heavily, nor did he accept the arm proffered by an ADC. The arrival of the President was heralded by the traditional fanfare when we all stood up; the National Anthem followed.+
The Defence Secretary, SK Bhatnagar then announced the commencement of the ceremony and proceeded to read the Gazette notification informing of the Government's decision. It was a process that took about ten minutes, but one during which Father had to stand. He stood as steadily as he could, perhaps swaying imperceptibly.
I wondered how he was bearing up with the agony he must have been experiencing. After the citation was read Father walked up to the President who presented him with the Field Marshal's baton-the insignia of rank.+
And it was all over. Well, almost. There was no question of Father being able to sit down immediately after that. He was surrounded by many of those present who wished to shake his hand and congratulate him after which tea was served. The President stayed on to be with Father as did such dignitaries as the Prime Minister, members of the Cabinet, Field Marshal Sam Manekshaw and the Service Chiefs who were present. Photographers clicked away feverishly not wanting to miss the historic photo opportunity.+
He continued standing till it was time for him to leave. It was a particularly touching moment to see a soldier, my father, receiving the ultimate honour of his profession. I can still see him in my mind’s eye, standing as motionless as he possibly could in front of the President.+
The ceremony over, we trooped off to Nalini’s (Daughter) home where with the other Grand Old Man of the Indian Army, Field Marshal Manekshaw, a bottle of champagne was opened to celebrate the great event.”
• • •
Missing some Tweet in this thread? You can try to
force a refresh
In 1972, there were talks that the Army Chief, General S.H.F.J. Manekshaw, was in line for a promotion to the rank of Field Marshal in recognition of his remarkable contribution in Indo-Pak War of 1971. However, it was also in common knowledge that the Defence Minister Jagjivan Ram was against this proposal and had previously stated to the Press that the Indian Army would never have a Field Marshal or a Five-Star General. The wait stretched for months. It seemed like Manekshaw was paying the price for bypassing the Minister when the latter had once asked the reason for not implementing “Caste-based Reservations” in the Armed Forces.+
The book, A Soldier Recalls, by Lt Gen S.K. Sinha (he was the Deputy Adjutant General at the time) gives interesting insight, he writes:
“Relations between Jagjivan Ram and Manekshaw had not been too good. They had a confrontation on the issue of reservations in the Army for Scheduled Castes and Tribes. The Army was and still is, the only department of Government, where there is no reservation for any caste, though members of Scheduled Castes are recruited as soldiers in fairly large numbers. Class composition of regiments do amount to reservation for certain communities. However, this is more in the nature of preserving old traditions by continuing with the recruitment of certain traditional classes with a long military background.”+
“The bulk of the Army, however, is not affected by class composition and recruitment quotas are allotted to States on the basis of their population, for eligible candidates, without any caste or other consideration.
Jagjivan Ram wanted reservation for Scheduled Castes in the officer cadre. Manekshaw felt that by doing so we would be compromising on efficiency and with India facing constant threats to her national security, it would be inadvisable to take such a step. He mentioned that recruitment to the officer cadre should be solely on the basis of merit. Candidates from Scheduled Castes should be given special coaching and other facilities to enable them to compete”.+
In a lecture at Defence Services Staff College, Wellington on Leadership and Discipline; 11th November, 1998, Field Marshal Manekshaw speaks on his role in 1962 war and was he in a position to do something about the situation?
“In the 1962 war, I was in disgrace. I was a Commandant of this Institution. Mr. Krishna Menon, the Defence Minister, disliked me intensely. General Kaul, who was Chief of General Staff at the time, and the budding man for the next higher appointment, disliked me intensely.+
So, I was in disgrace at the Staff College. There were charges against me I will enumerate some of them-all engineered by Mr. Krishna Menon. I do not know if you remember that in 1961 or 1960, General Thimayya was the Army Chief.+
He had fallen out with Mr. Krishna Menon and had sent him his resignation. The Prime Minister, Mr. Nehru, persuaded General Thimayya to withdraw his resignation. The members of Parliament also disliked Mr. Krishna Menon, and they went hammer and tongs for the Prime Minister in Parliament.+
On 28 April 1986, in the Ashoka Hall of Rashtrapati Bhavan, the 87-year-old General Kodandera Madappa Cariappa was invested with the rank of Field Marshal and presented the baton by President Giani Zail Singh.
The book titled Field Marshal K.M. Cariappa written by his son, Air Marshal K.C. Cariappa (Retd), gives a detailed account of the event. He writes:
It was a particularly memorable event for us in the family. His two surviving brothers Nanjappa and Bopaiah had arrived from Kodagu to be present at the Investiture Ceremony. The Ashoka Hall was filled to capacity by the high and the mighty of the land. Father was in his dress uniform, something he had not worn for many, many years. He wore, as always, narrow pointed shoes.+
At that time he was being treated for a particularly painful toe on his right foot. In fact at home he would always wear a shoe on the left foot, but allowed himself to wear a slipper on the right. He would often be in excruciating pain, but always maintained a stiff upper lip. For the investiture he would not hear of not wearing a shoe on his swollen foot.+
He arrived at Rashtrapati Bhavan where he was received with due ceremony, and ushered to the special chair where he was to sit alone till after the investiture. He refused to use a walking stick though he limped heavily, nor did he accept the arm proffered by an ADC. The arrival of the President was heralded by the traditional fanfare when we all stood up; the National Anthem followed.+
Today, let us remember Field Marshal SHFJ ‘Sam’ Manekshaw on his 110th birth anniversary.
Born into a Parsi family in Amritsar, the community had migrated from Persia to India to avoid religious persecution, first landed as refugees in Gujarat. Sam’s grandfather, Framji, was a teacher in Valsad; Morarji Desai, a freedom fighter who later would go on to become Prime Minister of India being one of his students.+
Sam’s father, Hormusji, born and raised in Valsad went on to study medicine at Grant Medical College, Bombay where he met and fell in love with Hilla Mehta. After a long courtship the young Hormusji dashed off his savings to propose to Hilla and they got married in 1899. His medical practice did not fare him well and the couple strived to make ends meet.+
His friends suggested he move to Lahore since there was a shortage of medical practitioners. With their firstborn, they boarded the Frontier Mail at Bombay Central Railway Station and after 2 days arrived in Amritsar. Sam describes, his mother who lived all her life in Bombay was distressed at sight of tall, well-built Sikhs standing on the platform.+
India-Pakistan delineation teams headed by Lt Gen Premindra Singh Bhagat, PVSM, VC and Lt Gen Abdul Hameed Khan, SPK, SQA, met at Wagah and Suchetgarh to demarcate the Line of Control of J&K along the entire length on the map, in accordance to the Shimla Agreement.
Pakistani troops laid down their arms and surrendered to India for secession of East Pakistan as the new nation of Bangladesh. Indira Gandhi and Z.A. Bhutto met in Shimla to wrap up outstanding issues and after a prolonged negotiation, Shimla Agreement was signed in July 1972.+
The Agreement called for the disengagement of troops on either side of the international border to be completed within 30 days of its coming into force. In the case of J&K, Cease Fire Line would henceforth be known as the Line of Control (LOC). The troops would remain on the LOC resulting from the cease fire of 17 December 1971. This being the case, the LOC had actually to be delineated on the ground, detailed maps had to be prepared, conflicting claims resolved.
Despite having an upper hand, India failed in getting a formal sign-off by Bhutto to recognise this as an international border. Nor did we seek a permanent solution to the Kashmir issue.+
A high-powered team was appointed by both sides. Lt Gen P.S. Bhagat, PVSM, VC, was named as the representative of the Chief of Army Staff, India. On the team also were Maj Gen M.R. Rajwade, VSM, MC, his Chief of Staff; Maj Gen I.S. Gill, PVSM,MC, Director of Military Operations, Army Headquarters. All three were veterans of World War II, highly decorated soldiers. The other members were Col C.M. Sahni, Lt Col M.S. Chehal, VSM and Lt Col B.M. Tewari.
The Pakistani team was led by Lt Gen Abdul Hameed Khan, SPK, SQA with Brig S.M. Abbasi, Col Mahmud Shaukat, Col Syed Refaqat, TQA; Lt Col M.M. Afsal Khan and Lt Col Ahmad Saeed.+
This year marks the 126th year of the Battle of Saragarhi.
At 0900 hours on the 12th of September 1897, 8000 tribals launched an attack on Saragarhi, a small fortress manned by 22 valiant men of 36th Sikhs, under the command of Havaldar Ishar Singh. Despite knowing that death was imminent, the garrison bravely held its ground for 6 hours 45 minutes killing 200 tribals and wounding another 600. While Battle Honours are Battalion specific, this battle stands as a Battle Honour for all of the 26 Battalions of the Sikh Regiment.
(Saragarhi on 14th September 1897, two days after the battle)
In 1893, the border was demarcated between British India and Afghanistan in the form of the Durand Line. It was 1,510 miles long, and split the Pashtun ethnic group so that roughly half was in Afghanistan and half in India. It was, in part, drawn up to weaken the Pashtun power in the hope they would be absorbed by the Raj. That, however, did not happen.+
This ethnic division laid the ground for permanent conflict—a fact which was played up by the local mullahs, in particular, one Pashtun Fakir Saidullah, known to the British as the ‘Mad Mullah’. In addition, there was the Hadda Mullah in the Mohmand area, the Mastana Mullah in Sawat, and Mullah Said Akbar Aka Khel in Khyber. Rumblings could be heard all over the Frontier and, before long, an uprising had started.+