There can be no better illustration of Field Marshal Kodandera Madappa Cariappa’s sterling character, iron discipline, integrity and forthright views when his 27-year-old son, Flt Lt K.C. Cariappa’s Hunter aircraft was shot down while flying missions out of Halwara during in 1965 War.
He ejected and parachuted into a small area near Khem Karan that had been occupied by Pakistan. Seven Indian Air Force officers including him were taken Prisoners of War during the 1965 war.+
During interrogation, Junior Cariappa only revealed his name, rank and unit. He recounted:
“It happened on the last day of the conflict. I ejected out of my aircraft and parachuted into a small area near Khem Karan in Punjab that had been occupied by Pakistan, and was taken POW. Once you are taken as a POW and when you are questioned by the enemy personnel you are expected to divulge only three things: your name, rank and service number. This is the standard procedure. When they captured me, they asked me for these three things and I divulged them, I was then a Flight Lieutenant in service for 7-8 years. The information I had was as good as anybody else did. I did not know much and they too seemed to be aware of it. Yet they asked me questions like who are your batchmates; who are your senior officers.”
However, an hour later, jail guards rushed into his cell to inquire whether he was the son of General K.M. Cariappa.+
When he confirmed, President Ayub Khan having a personal bond with General Cariappa, announced on the Radio Pakistan that Flt Lt K.C. Cariappa had been captured by his forces and that he was doing well.+
Within an hour the High Commisioner of Pakistan in Delhi spoke to General Cariappa, with a message from President Ayub Khan. The President offered to release his son forthwith and reiterated that he was being well looked after.+
But General Cariappa declined this offer. The reply was very typical of him:
“They are all my sons, look after all of them.” The news of his son’s capture left him distraught and despite of people calling to express the sorrow he gathered and maintained himself.
Later, Flt Lt K.C. Cariappa was repatriated with other Indian Air Force Prisoners of War on 22 January 1966.
(Ignore the typos 🤦♀️ Apologies)
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Rumours had it that due to his remarkable contribution in the 1971 war, General S.H.F.J. Manekshaw was in line for a promotion to the rank of Field Marshal. However, it was also in common knowledge that the Defence Minister Jagjivan Ram was against this proposal and had previously stated to the Press that the Indian Army would never have a Field Marshal or a Five-Star General.
The wait stretched for months. It seemed like Manekshaw was paying the price for bypassing the Minister when the latter asked the reason for not implementing “Caste-based Reservations” in the Armed Forces.+
The book, A Soldier Recalls, by Lt Gen S.K. Sinha (he was the Deputy Adjutant General at the time) gives interesting insight, he writes:
“Relations between Jagjivan Ram and Manekshaw had not been too good. They had a confrontation on the issue of reservations in the Army for Scheduled Castes and Tribes. The Army was and still is, the only department of Government, where there is no reservation for any caste, though members of Scheduled Castes are recruited as soldiers in fairly large numbers. Class composition of regiments do amount to reservation for certain communities. However, this is more in the nature of preserving old traditions by continuing with the recruitment of certain traditional classes with a long military background.”+
“The bulk of the Army, however, is not affected by class composition and recruitment quotas are allotted to States on the basis of their population, for eligible candidates, without any caste or other consideration.
Jagjivan Ram wanted reservation for Scheduled Castes in the officer cadre. Manekshaw felt that by doing so we would be compromising on efficiency and with India facing constant threats to her national security, it would be inadvisable to take such a step. He mentioned that recruitment to the officer cadre should be solely on the basis of merit. Candidates from Scheduled Castes should be given special coaching and other facilities to enable them to compete”.+
Manekshaw’s tenure as Commandant of the Defence Services Staff College, Wellington is remembered as much for his significant contribution to development in curriculum, training and infrastructure as for its low ebb of victimisation. Defence Minister Krishna Menon, was looking for an opportunity to settle a score with General Manekshaw.
He disliked Manekshaw after being rebuffed in an attempt to rope him in a bid to isolate the then Indian Army Chief, General K.S. Thimayya, with whom Menon had differences. It happened in 1957 when he was promoted to Major General and posted to Jammu to command 26 Inf Div.+
Menon was on an official visit and casually asked Sam what he thought of General Thimayya. Thimayya was a brilliant officer, professionally competent and morally upright, whom Manekshaw held in high regard.+
He replied, ‘Mr. Minister, I am not allowed to think about him. He is my Chief. Tomorrow you will be asking my Brigadiers and Colonels what they think of me. It’s the surest way to ruin the discipline of the Army. Don’t do it in the future.’
Menon flew into a rage and told Manekshaw to abandon his ‘British ways of thinking’.
‘I can get rid of Thimayya if I want to!’ he thundered. Undeterred, Manekshaw continued that he could, it was his prerogative to do as he wished since he was the Defence Minister, but that would not deter his resolve not to comment on the next appointee. Menon said nothing at the time but he nursed a grudge that would snowball over the years.+
On 28 April 1986, in the Ashoka Hall of Rashtrapati Bhavan, the 87-year-old General Kodandera Madappa Cariappa was invested with the rank of Field Marshal and presented the baton of office by President Giani Zail Singh.
The book titled Field Marshal K.M. Cariappa written by his son, Air Marshal K.C. Cariappa (Retd), gives a detailed account of the event. He writes:
“It was a particularly memorable event for us in the family. His two surviving brothers Nanjappa and Bopaiah had arrived from Kodagu to be present at the Investiture Ceremony. The Ashoka Hall was filled to capacity by the high and the mighty of the land. Father was in his dress uniform, something he had not worn for many, many years. He wore, as always, narrow pointed shoes.+
At that time he was being treated for a particularly painful toe on his right foot. In fact at home he would always wear a shoe on the left foot, but allowed himself to wear a slipper on the right. He would often be in excruciating pain, but always maintained a stiff upper lip. For the investiture he would not hear of not wearing a shoe on his swollen foot.+
He arrived at Rashtrapati Bhavan where he was received with due ceremony, and ushered to the special chair where he was to sit alone till after the investiture. He refused to use a walking stick though he limped heavily, nor did he accept the arm proffered by an ADC. The arrival of the President was heralded by the traditional fanfare when we all stood up; the National Anthem followed.+
Our history is also full of inspiring stories of valour displayed by people who neither wore a uniform nor received any military training. In the picture, C-in-C General Kodandera Madappa Cariappa is decorating Dhobi Ram Chander with the second highest military decoration, Maha Vir Chakra for his gallantry during J&K operations 1947-48. He is one of the only two civilians to have been awarded the MVC, the other being, Civ Porter Mohd Ismail, a civilian labourer who volunteered to save a wounded man when a reconnaissance patrol was ambushed in the same operations.+
He displayed outstanding skill in negotiating the almost impassable snow-covered slopes swept by MMG fire. By superb physical effort he got the wounded man, bundled him up in his blanket and brought him to safety. Again on 14 September 1948, at Zojila Pass during an attack by 3 Jat, Ismail volunteered to accompany that unit as a guide. Advancing with the leading scouts in spite of close and continuous fire he guided the troops and it was only when a hidden MMG had wiped out the leading line that he fell into enemy hands and became a prisoner. On both occasions, Ismail displayed bravery, devotion to duty and disregard for personal safety.+
Dhobi Ram Chander was a civilian washerman attached with an Engineers company of Madras Sappers, and was part of a convoy proceeding to Jammu under the command of Lt FDW Fallon on 18 December, 1947. When the convoy reached Bhambla, it was ambushed by the enemy who had created a roadblock by removing the decking on a bridge. Chander helped the convoy commander to replace the decking while the bridge was under continuous fire.+
On 17 July 1959, Flt Lt Gita Chanda carved her place in history making her first successful parajump at the DZ (Dropping Zone) of the Paratrooper Training School, Agra becoming the first Indian woman to qualify as a paratrooper.
Gita spent her early years in Rangpur (now in Bangladesh), daughter of Harendra Chanda who was a lecturer in Carmichael College. She was brilliant in academics. From excelling in classrooms to thriving under the demanding rigors of medical studies, her aspiration knew no bounds.… https://t.co/o1Z7ef8LrGtwitter.com/i/web/status/1…
In 1959, when the Indian Air Force heralded a groundbreaking proposal, inviting all medical professionals to embrace the challenges of paratrooping training, she seized the opportunity with unwavering resolve. With the firm support of Air Marshal Subroto Mukherjee, she pushed… https://t.co/av8PEAJ8k3twitter.com/i/web/status/1…
In the previous thread, I covered Field Marshal S.H.F.J. Manekshaw’s life, from his family and childhood to joining the Army in the first batch of the IMA—The Pioneers; his young officer days with the Royal Scots and 4/12 FFR; he took 9 bullets and was awarded the Military Cross+
in 1942 during the World War II. From 1943-46, he moved every few months— attended the Staff College Course in Quetta, posted as Brigade Major to Razmak Brigade in North Waziristan, posted to 9/12 FFR in Burma under Gen W.J. Slim’s 14th Army, appointed the Directing Staff at the+
Staff College in Quetta; assisted with the rehabilitation of over 10,000 Japanese troops as a Staff Officer in Indo-China (now Vietnam); after a six month lecture tour of Australia he was posted to the General Headquarters as GSO1 in MO-3, responsible for perspective planning.+