Baron de Steuben's quote on the American military:
"You say to your soldier , "'Do this,' and he doeth it; but I am obliged to say , 'This is the reason why you ought to do that ,' and then he does it."
You and I read it as a compliment. He wasn't being complimentary. 🧵1/10
This is the whole passage of the letter that the quote is drawn from:
"You must not, however, believe that I have introduced the entire system of drill , evolutions , maneuvers , discipline , tactics and Prussian formation into our army. ... " 2/10
"... I should have been pelted had I attempted it , and should inevitably have failed. My ordinance, which was translated in Paris , is a rhapsody that I hope has never reached you ; but if you have seen it by chance..." 3/10
"... I beg you not to condemn it without considering my situation. In the first place , the genius of this nation is not in the least to be compared with that of the Prussians , Austrians , or French. ..." 4/10
"... "You say to your soldier , "'Do this,' and he doeth it; but I am obliged to say , "'This is the reason why you ought to do that ,'" and then he does it. Your army is the growth of a century , mine of a day. My officers were as raw as my soldiers. ..." 5/10
"...This army was renewed almost after every campaign , and I considered myself too fortunate if I had my recruits four weeks before the commencement of active operations. ..." 6/10
"...Judge, then , whether I could amuse myself much with the manage- ment of arms and parades . Contrary to my principles, I was forced to begin my task at the wrong end..." 7/10
"..and after executing great maneuvers with six or eight thousand men together, I have sent my generals and colonels to learn the manual exercise. After what I have related above, you will admit that my task was not an easy one, and you will judge my ordinances indulgently." 8/10
Now, in an age when soldiers are trained to think on commander's intent or mission command, the short quote sounds nice. But Steuben was essentially say to another Prussian officer, "this is why you will think badly of the infantry regulations I authored." 9/10
The American army is today's paradigm army, much like the Prussian army was in the 1770s, in small part because of Steuben's influence. But, we shouldn't let our knowledge of American excellence today blind us to what Steuben was attempting to communicate in this letter. 10/10
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We are approximately two weeks away from the 250th anniversary of the most commonly accepted starting point of the Revolutionary War.
But what were battles in the Revolutionary War really like? It's a subject that, as a history professor, I have spent my life studying.
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I am creating this guide as a resource for those commemorating the anniversaries of the Revolutionary War.
Regardless of your background, this guide is designed to make research on the Revolutionary War available to you in a variety of formats. 2/22
I have a large number of articles and suggested reading below, but for those in a hurry, are looking for something to listen or watch, we'll begin with podcasts and videos. At least in terms of the podcasts and blog links, a lot of this is my work. 3/22
Today at my university wargame club, Commonwealth (Polish-Lithuanian) forces under Aleksander Gosiewski faced off against a Swedish detachment under Gustav Horn.
The Swedes tried to force a river crossing (the Lielupe in modern Latvia) and earned a bloody nose.
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For our game, we took a break from our ongoing Thirty Years War game to play a hypothetical scenario set in the Polish-Swedish Wars of the 1620s. In this scenario, Gustavus Adolphus's Swedes were trying to force their way across a river, in order to encircle Riga.
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The forces of the Commonwealth dug in along the Lielupe. Aleksander Gosiewski had a small number of immobile guns, along with musketeers in entrenchments. They were supported by numerous cavalry and some German-speaking mercenary infantry.
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Tomorrow at about 2am in my American timezone, 8am in Italy, is the 500th anniversary of the Battle of Pavia.
The Habsburg army shattered the French forces, capturing the King of France in one of the most dramatic battles of the 1500s.
Spare a minute for Pavia. 1/25
About now, on the evening February 23rd, the Imperial army of ~25,000 men composed of troops from the Holy Roman Empire, Spain, and Italy, left their camp to the east of the Pavia, hoping to break into the Visconti Park surrounding Mirabello to the north of the city. 2/25
Pavia had been besieged over the winter, as King Francis I of France attempted to continue his quest to capture the Duchy of Milan. In early February A conglomerate Imperial relief army arrived under the command of Charles de Lannoy, the Viceroy of Naples. 3/25
In this part of the film, Redmond Barry (Ryan O'Neal) finds himself dragged into the Prussian army after deserting from the British army. His escape through Germany leads him into a Prussian regiment. 3/23
A thread on the battle scenes in Stanley Kubrick's 1975 Barry Lyndon. The film turns 50 this year.
In many ways, I think war films set in this period might have regressed in quality. These battle scenes from 1975 are better than anything we have had since. 1/16
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Kubrick does an incredible job of trying to capture scenes from eighteenth-century art on film, and as a result, the film is breathtaking. 2/16
And before we get any further: I would like to thank Kubrick for including this line from the novel 3/16
It's the birthday of one of the most important eighteenth-century figures: Frederick II of Prussia, or as he is commonly known in English, Frederick the Great.
In 1725, 300 years ago today, he would have been 13.
A thread on Fritz. As a general, how great was he? 1/22
Who was this man? He was born as crown prince of a small Lutheran country in what is today northern Germany: Prussia. His life and story would invariably be tied to the rise of that country, and actions of its successor state, the modern nation of Germany. 2/22
Frederick's life is a complex enigma: a sensitive child who loved poetry and music, Frederick's stormy relationship to his father led to his own imprisonment and the execution of his best friend (and likely romantic partner). 3/22