Baron de Steuben's quote on the American military:
"You say to your soldier , "'Do this,' and he doeth it; but I am obliged to say , 'This is the reason why you ought to do that ,' and then he does it."
You and I read it as a compliment. He wasn't being complimentary. 🧵1/10
This is the whole passage of the letter that the quote is drawn from:
"You must not, however, believe that I have introduced the entire system of drill , evolutions , maneuvers , discipline , tactics and Prussian formation into our army. ... " 2/10
"... I should have been pelted had I attempted it , and should inevitably have failed. My ordinance, which was translated in Paris , is a rhapsody that I hope has never reached you ; but if you have seen it by chance..." 3/10
"... I beg you not to condemn it without considering my situation. In the first place , the genius of this nation is not in the least to be compared with that of the Prussians , Austrians , or French. ..." 4/10
"... "You say to your soldier , "'Do this,' and he doeth it; but I am obliged to say , "'This is the reason why you ought to do that ,'" and then he does it. Your army is the growth of a century , mine of a day. My officers were as raw as my soldiers. ..." 5/10
"...This army was renewed almost after every campaign , and I considered myself too fortunate if I had my recruits four weeks before the commencement of active operations. ..." 6/10
"...Judge, then , whether I could amuse myself much with the manage- ment of arms and parades . Contrary to my principles, I was forced to begin my task at the wrong end..." 7/10
"..and after executing great maneuvers with six or eight thousand men together, I have sent my generals and colonels to learn the manual exercise. After what I have related above, you will admit that my task was not an easy one, and you will judge my ordinances indulgently." 8/10
Now, in an age when soldiers are trained to think on commander's intent or mission command, the short quote sounds nice. But Steuben was essentially say to another Prussian officer, "this is why you will think badly of the infantry regulations I authored." 9/10
The American army is today's paradigm army, much like the Prussian army was in the 1770s, in small part because of Steuben's influence. But, we shouldn't let our knowledge of American excellence today blind us to what Steuben was attempting to communicate in this letter. 10/10
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I missed the 250th of this in July, enjoy it now before 1775/2025 rolls on.
John Adams, July 6th, 1775:
"A few Minutes past, a curious Phenomenon appeared at the Door of our Congress: A german Hussar, a veteran in the Wars in Germany, in his Uniform, and on Horse back."
1/5
A forlorn Cap upon his Head, with a Streamer waiving from it half down to his Waistband, with a Deaths Head painted in Front a beautifull Hussar Cloak ornamented with Lace and Fringe and Cord of Gold, a scarlet Waist coat under it, with shining yellow metal Buttons 2/5
a Light Gun strung over his shoulder—and a Turkish Sabre, much Superiour to an high Land broad sword, very large and excellently fortifyed by his side—Holsters and Pistols upon his Horse. In short the most warlike and formidable Figure, I ever saw. 3/5
Barry Lyndon, Stanley Kubrick's eighteenth-century epic, premiered fifty years ago this week (December 11).
In celebration, I am doing a watchthrough thread on the film. I'll link my previous threads on Barry Lyndon below.
Here we go.
1/many
People complain that this movie is slow but six minutes in Redmond Barry's (Ryan O'Neal) dad has been killed a gunfight and he has been seduced by his cousin (stay classy, eighteenth-century Ireland). 2/
Alright and we are already onto the first military scene, which let's be honest, is why you are reading this thread.
I have lingering questions about the maneuvering going on here: supposedly it is a company, but they have two colours. 3/
Tonight on Ken Burns's American Revolution, Rick Atkinson is going is going to tell you:
"Muskets are mostly inaccurate beyond 80 yards...so a lot of the killing is done with the bayonet... this is really eyeball to eyeball."
The trouble is, this just isn't true. 🧵1/16
First of all, I don't really want to talk about accurate musket range.
Firefights actually occurred over 120 yards, but that isn't the point of the thread. You can see a chart below of descriptions of 25 firefight ranges in the Revolutionary War.
2/16
I want to talk about Atkinson's claim that fighting "a lot of the killing is done with a bayonet" and that the fighting was "eyeball to eyeball...it's very intimate." 3/16
With Halloween upon us, did you know: Vampires turn 300 this year?
This year, 2025, marks the 300th anniversary of vampires haunting public imagination in Europe.
Read on for the origins of Orloc, Dracula, and of course, Nandor.
1/25
In the 1720s folktales of supernatural events combined with the tensions of a military borderland to create a new type of spook: The Vampire.
Vampires, and the responses of locals and governments to the threat of their presence, would in the imagination like wildfire.
2/25
Our story begins in the aftermath of Prinz Eugene of Savoy's victory at Belgrade in 1717. After this victory and the resulting Treaty of Passarowitz, the Austrian government now ruled part of Serbia and northern Bosnia: it had to control a porous borderland with refugees. 3/25
The usual narrative of the early American War of Independence is that the British, with their superior army and navy, went ham on the Americans, who only started winning when they gained foreign support and became better soldiers after 1777.
It's actually the opposite. 🧵
1/11
In the first year of the war, it was the British who struggled to gain ground as American forces scored victory after victory.
Just look at the record:
2/11
April 19th, 1775: Lexington and Concord
American Victory
May 10th, 1775: Capture of Fort Ticonderoga
American Victory
June 17th, 1775: Bunker Hill:
Costly British Victory
Sept-Nov, 1775: Fort St. Jean:
American Victory
Dec. 9th, 1775: Great Bridge
American Victory
3/11
What were battles in the Revolutionary War really like? It's a subject that, as a history professor, I have spent my life studying. I teach (among other things) the military history of the Revolutionary War at a small college in Ohio.
2/14
Soldiers in this period wore colored uniforms, not so that they could be picked off by their opponents, but so they could be identified when massive clouds of smoke obscured the battlefield, making it hard to see anything but enemy muzzle flashes.
3/14