There comes a time in a real estate scammer's life where he breaks out from the pack and does something so ludicrous that he becomes something more, deserving of a place in the annals.
For Elie Schwartz of Nightingale Properties, I believe that moment came yesterday, w the revelation that he used crowdfunded investor money to YOLO on First Republic Bank shares.
Here's a timeline of how the biggest con job in real estate crowdfunding has gone down so far...
June '22: Nightingale goes into contract to buy Atlanta Financial Center, 1M sf office complex that needs lots of love, for $182M. Seller Sumitomo willing to take a big loss ($225M PP) to get it done. Nightingale intends to raise $76M for the acquisition through Crowdstreet, a crowdfunding platform.
OM reads: “$10B Enterprise Sponsor Brings Trophy Asset with Huge Potential in Hot Market.” (Crowdstreet designates Nightingale as its highest-tier sponsor, touting its track record and large portfolio)
“We feel very well-insulated from any sort of uncertainty out there. Even if there's a recession and a little bit less rent growth, we're still going to be cheaper than the competition” on rents, says Nightingale's acq. guy Will Hutton.
Aug' 22: Nightingale raises $62M from 700 investors through Crowdstreet, setting a record for RE crowdfunding. Some investors cry foul that the company didn't disclose a loss-making deals in OM (Crowdstreet listed N/A for rate of return for those deals…) Nightingale dismisses omissions as irrelevant to overall track record. Potential RoR for deal touted as 28.1%.
Oct' 22: Original closing date missed, w difficulties getting financing cited as cause. Bumped back to February.
April/May '23: Some frustrated investors want out, but Nightingale can't process refunds fast enough. Crowdstreet launches investigation into deal.
June '23: Crowdstreet tells investors it cannot guarantee availability of funds… Forensic accountant Anna Phillips appointed by investors as fiduciary. Nightingale pushes for lower PP, but seller is already taking a big 💇
July 14, '23: Fiduciary (Phillips) drops bombshell. “The bottom line is that the money that was raised by both entities has been misappropriated,” she says, referring to $ raised for Atlanta & Miami deals. Only $125K sits in ATL-related bank acct. Phillips says much of the $ was transferred to Schwartz and Schwartz-affiliated entities. Informs investors that she has put the 2 entities into Chapter 11. Immediate backlash focuses on WTF Crowdstreet was doing here and why it didn't check if the deal closed.
Crowdstreet informs investors that effective June 5, its deals are funded through third-party escrow accounts and funds only released upon closing (too late for the poor sods who invested w Nightingale, tho) Platform said the change was slated for August anyway, but moved up.
July 18: Crowdstreet uses the "we're a marketplace" argument, expresses shock, horror that someone would knowingly violate their operating agreement.
"Does that not concern somebody?” CEO Tore Steen asks (well, yes, Mr. Steen, it should concern you)
July '23: Nightingale's acq director Hutton leaves firm (Likes posts about fiasco on LinkedIn). Avi Kollenscher, a Related alum who helped run investments, also out (his LI doesn't mention Nightingale at all)
Crowdstreet CEO and co-founder Tore Steen pushed out. Replaced by BlackRock alum Jack Chandler
WSJ reports that Nightingale's operating agreement on the crowdfunded deals stipulated that disputes would be settled by a rabbinical court. Paper reviews 100+ Crowdstreet deals and finds many missed returns, involved further capital calls, and one deal where a sponsor lied about its track record (that sponsor was later sentenced to prison for fraud).
Aug' 23: Bankruptcy and court filings reveal more of the sordid mess. $3M of investor money from the Nightingale deals was reportedly sent to a loan servicer. Transfers were classified as "3rd party - reason unknown." Fiduciary Phillips pushing hard for intel.
Schwartz-affiliated entities got > $45M from deal monies. Fiduciary says Schwartz's lawyers sent a settlement proposal, which she saw as “not acceptable because the terms are not fair, and it’s also unactionable."
Crowdstreet's crowdfunding peers scramble to assure investors that model is fundamentally sound, highlight their escrow clauses and most excellent due diligence.
Sept' 23: Restructuring officer reveals that in March, Schwartz diverted $12M of investor funds to make a bet ($6M stock, $6M options) on First Republic Bank's rally.
“Those shares and options became almost worthless,” he said. “That money is gone, unfortunately."
Absolutely riveted by this story. As @EllliotttB said, no parody could do it justice. There will be a lot more, so stay tuned.
(Sources: Some seriously good reporting from @trdny , @Bisnow , @WSJ @AtlBizChron over the past year)
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It's a fun game: Take an apex predator from the concrete jungle, place him in the hinterlands, and see what happens. Or, to name names: Take Gary Barnett, drop him in Utah ski country, and let him do his thing. 🎿
I've been dipping in and out of this story for a bit, but now have had a chance to sit down and absorb the full scope of the dozen-year odyssey. It might just be my favorite non-New York case study ever, with all the goods: giant stealth assemblage, quasi public-private JVs, creative capital stacks, purchased political clout, media manipulation (the chutzpah here is scarcely believable), and a potentially massive payday. Strap on your ski boots- this is straight up Power Broker stuff.
The catalyst for this tale is the '02 Salt Lake City Winter Olympics, prep for which led to the closure, in Wasatch County outside Park City, of a small ski lodge where military folk could stay for cheap. In '01, Congress bequeaths a 26-acre parcel of land to the Air Force ✈️, which will serve as the site of the replacement hotel.
In '07, the Utah legislature creates the Military Installation Development Authority (MIDA), tasked with overseeing the development of military-controlled land. MIDA's mandate is to use public-private partnerships and tools like an Enhanced Use Lease, whereby private groups develop the land for commercial purposes, and the military collects cash or payments-in-kind to fund future development.
In '12/13 (exact timing fuzzy), Extell's Gary Barnett, a former diamond 💎 dealer who's gone on to become perhaps the premier luxury condo developer in New York (his One57 birthed Billionaires' Row), enters the scene. He's done a couple of deals out here by this point (Tuhaye, w a guy called Jack Bistricer) so has a feel for the area.
He comes upon Blue Ledge, a tract that's inside the MIDA Control Area, which means that it's overseen by an appointed board that has land-use powers (local zoning regs are for peasants) and can provide tax-increment financing.
"Without MIDA, it would be foolhardy to do this,” Barnett tells WSJ years later.
Barnett buys Blue Ledge in all-cash deal from the developer, Van Hemeyer, who comes to work for him. He enters a partnership with MIDA and Wasatch County to build a hotel and improve the area. Then, he goes big-land hunting: In '17, he closes on a 2,300-acre parcel kissing Deer Valley Resort, one of the country's premier ski destinations (absolutely no snowboarding 🏂🏂🏂 allowed- this is important to remember). The epic assemblage doesn't stop there, as we'll see in a bit.
Pound-for-pound, New York real estate has more chutzpah than any other industry on 🌎. It's a blood sport, rife with improbable tales of moguls who bent the skyline to their will. As we launch what we believe is the spiritual heir to "Skyscraper Dreams," let's talk through some.
At Bear Stearns, a young, big-eared tax attorney from Detroit pitched an investment idea.
“I don’t have any confidence in Steve,” said 1 of the partners.
“Fuck you,” Steve Ross shot back, standing up in front of the committee .“I don’t have any confidence in you.” Off he went.
Unemployed, unemployable, but unwilling to leave New York, Ross borrowed $10K from his mom and began bidding to build subsidized housing. He parlayed those early holdings into what is today an empire, the force behind the largest private development in U.S. history.
Rafi Toledano was just banned from the New York real estate industry for 5Y, as per @NewYorkStateAG . This caps one of the wildest rise-and-fall stories ever to be seen in the biz. Let's take a look back
Rafi grew up in the heavily Orthodox enclave of Lakewood, NJ. He dropped out of yeshiva, bounced around Israel for a bit, then got home and into real estate in his early 20s. Just 2 weeks after getting his agent license, he was charged w assault (crowbar).
He got 2Y probation & began hustling in Brooklyn and Queens. He was exceptionally good at it, working w clients such as BCB (started by Bob Durst's stepson). He also tapped into the network of his uncle, Aaron Jungreis, arguably NYC's most driven MF broker (separate film)