Lunchbreak #MarshalMonday thread. This week, the focus is on Napoleon's Ajax, Marshal Jean Lannes.
Lannes had almost no education; his father could not afford to formally educate his five sons. As a result, Lannes' spelling and grammar were atrocious all his life.
Though his eldest brother became a priest and, upon entering the seminary, acted as an unofficial tutor to the other brothers, Lannes had little interest in anything beyond reading and writing.
He and his younger brother (nicknamed Louiset), had a reputation for mischief.
There are no stories of far-sighted townspeople in Lectour predicting a great future for Lannes - most of them thought he was a little hooligan.
He did little to correct that opinion when he returned home for his sister's wedding in 1797.
He was, at this point, a freshly-minted general of brigade, celebrated hero and reciever of many wounds. Such a figure, decked out in glittering uniform, might have been expected to conduct himself with a certain level of gravitas...
Not Lannes.
Quickly getting bored of the civilities and celebrations, he went for a wander and decided to amuse himself by lobbing stones over a wall and into the garden of an elderly lady.
Enraged, she came hurrying out and was not impressed by the fine uniform.
"I know exactly who you are! You little git! I can't see that you've improved very much!"
His total disinterest in education was further highlighted during the voyage to Egypt.
Napoleon, with an attitude diametrically opposite, had his officers assemble in the evening to listen to talks from the savants travelling with them.
Lannes and Junot misbehaved without fail.
They would make silly comments, rile each other up, snicker and heckle until eventually Napoleon lost his patience and had Junot thrown out of one session.
He forced Lannes to remain. Lannes meanwhile was happy to tell the savants that he thought they were useless.
But for all his (nigh continual) rudeness, Lannes had a capacity for generosity and genuine gratitude.
When he was hit in the neck at the siege of Acre, he lost consciousness and was left behind when his troops retreated. Attempts to rescue him left most men dead.
His men knew however that prisoners were infallibly butchered and mutilated and so one intrepid grenadier decided to have one last go.
Seizing the unconscious Lannes by the ankle, he physically dragged over the rocks back to safety.
Lannes, left with a permanently tilted neck, made a big show about moaning about the bruises he'd picked up going over the rocks, but when they returned to France he gave that grenadier enough money to purchase an inn as thanks for saving his life.
When he left his brief posting in Spain to return to France for his last campaign, Lannes actually stopped off at this inn and stayed with the grenadier.
Another thread tomorrow.
• • •
Missing some Tweet in this thread? You can try to
force a refresh
So despite chatting to @ZwhiteHistory for the Napoleonic Wars podcast about Marshal Oudinot for 90 mins yesterday, I only used half my notes about him. So it looks like Oudinot week on this account!
An amusing little story of Oudinot’s time as governor of Erfurt…
Oudinot was named governer of Erfurt when the congress took there in September 1808.
It involved the diplomatic managing (diplomacy not something O is usually known for) of a great many kings, princes and other titled dignitaries.
A LOT of ego in one place!
One morning, Oudinot was walking past the building wherein was accommodated the Grand Duke Constantine. He was concerned to see that there was no sentry in place - there should have been. Further to that, he could hear someone shouting loudly through the open windows.
On 31st May 1809, the first gap opened in the ranks of the marshalate.
Following his wounding at the Battle of Aspern-Essling some days prior, Jean Lannes had had his leg amputated and it seemed to those solicitous for his comfort that he was rallying well.
He was considering prosthetics at Kaiserebersdorf, and reportedly discussing his wish to be of further use to Napoleon, when fever set in.
After several long, protracted hours of suffering, Lannes died at day break. He was 40 years old.
Napoleon, very genuinely devastated, wrote to Josephine: "I am in great grief for the loss of the Duke of Montebello, who died this morning. And so all things come to their end! Goodbye, dear friend; do anything you can to console the Marshal’s poor wife...
When Marshal Oudinot was wounded at Polotsk, his 21 year old wife Eugenie decided the travel right across Europe to be with him.
She dreaded the thought of him losing his arms. #marshalmonday
She wanted to nurse him herself and packed 20 bottles of Bordeaux so that he might have some comfort during the hardship.
When she arrived at Wilna, she was delighted to find her husband recovering well, with two arms still.
At dinner that night she proudly presented the wine.
Her account: “He had one placed on our table but sent the 19 others to his staff, whose hot and animation were redoubled. I was charmed to be of use to them but I nevertheless confess I regretted the rapid disappearance of this little comfort, which I had brought got the marshal”
Emmanuel de Grouchy, the last marshal to be appointed by Napoleon, died today in 1847.
He is chiefly - and very much unfairly (as per my recent rant on the Napoleonicist) - remembered as being the reason for the defeat at Waterloo.
Born into the aristocracy, Grouchy was from a progressive family and wholeheartedly supported the political philosophy of the Revolution, despite being deprived of rank at one point due to his noble roots.
He was part of the ill-fated attempt to invade Ireland in 1796.
Grouchy’s career was one of a solid and talented commander of cavalry, particularly distinguishing himself at Eylau and Friedland.
This tends to all get forgotten at the expense of Waterloo, despite the fact that Grouchy won a creditable victory at Wavre.
Someone get the bandages at the ready as today’s #MarshalAdventCalendar is the marshal who managed to accumulate at least 34 wounds in the course of his career and must have had a whole division of Guardian angels watching over him!
It’s Nicolas Oudinot.
Oudinot was the only surviving son of a brewer in Bar-le-Duc. Consequently his parents desperately wanted him to choose a safe career, but the young man was set on military life; serving in the army for 3 years before retiring due to lack of promotion prospects.
The Revolution called him back to active service and by 1794 he was a general of brigade, accumulating numerous wounds on the way. He worked particularly well with Masséna in Switzerland; who wrote of Oudinot in the warmest possible terms.
It’s all about to get controversial! Day 5 of #MarshalAdventCalendar is Napoleon’s ultimate frenemy and the marshal who went on to gain a throne and actually keep it: Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte.
I’m doing my best to be concise but this will be a longer thread!
Bernadotte was born in Pau and was the son of the prosecutor. He was intended for a law career but this was halted (spot the theme) by the death of his father. Instead he enlisted.
He rose as high as a commoner could under the Bourbons… then the Revolution came.
The new opportunities provided by the Revolution meant that Bernadotte could gain extremely rapid promotion and showcase his ability as a commander. He performed well at Fleurus and Theiningen before he eventually had to leave Germany for Italy instead.