Some people, usually HDZ BiH supporters, have suggested the 'Belgian model' as a possibility for Bosnia. In fact, the Belgian constitution recognises a single Belgian 'Nation' from which all power emanates. Belgium has no 'constituent nations', only ‘communities’.
Belgium has a single king as head of state - not a presidency rotating between its communities. It has a federal parliament whose members of both chambers (House of Representatives + Senate) represent the entire Belgian Nation, not just those who elected them.
Belgium is not a v. functional state and its constitution involves some parliamentary representation on ethnolinguistic basis. But Belgian model would require Serb/Croat nationalists to recognise a sovereign Bosnian Nation with a single head of state. An improvement on Dayton.
I suspect that if BiH supporters told HDZ supporters 'OK, let's have the Belgian model', they might not actually be very pleased.
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'The reason that this country – along with almost every other Western nation – is facing an unmanageable influx of illegal migrants is because our way of life is the one that most people with a degree of self-respect and ambition would choose.' telegraph.co.uk/news/2023/08/1…
'The combination of democratic government and free market economics which constitutes political life in western Europe and the Anglosphere happens to be, it turns out, what most of the world’s population regards as very heaven.'
'Not just to escape from war or genocide... Not even necessarily from poverty, since many of those illegal migrants have paid a great deal of money for their passage. They flee from totalitarian or corrupt regimes which make progress and individual self-determination impossible.'
Croatia in the 1990s was prey to two conflicting impulses: to resist Belgrade to establish a genuinely independent state, or to collaborate with it to partition Bosnia, with Croatia becoming Serbia's junior partner - a corrupted residue of Serbian-Croatian partnership in Yug 🧵
2) The Croat dilemma in the 1990s resembled the Serb dilemma in the 1940s, when Serbs were divided between resisters (Partisans) and collaborators (Chetniks). Great Serbia was the Serb collaborators’ goal in the 1940s, as Great Croatia was Croat collaborators' goal in the 1990s.
3) Tudjman headed the collaborationist Croat current; he was Croatia’s Draza Mihailovic. Martin Spegelj, who founded the Croatian army and represented the pro-resistance current, reports how Tudjman obstructed and sabotaged Croatian military resistance to the JNA in 1990-1991.
Bosnia and Western Islamophobia 🧵. Some Bosniaks and others are attributing Western policy toward BiH, which favours anti-BiH Serb/Croat nationalists, to inherent Western Islamophobia. This is understandable, but empirically wrong and dangerous in its implications (1).
2) Post-Enlightenment policy of US/European powers was never driven by Islamophobia. UK and France defended the Ottomans vs Russia, 1854-56. Germany and Austria-Hungary supported Ottomans and their jihad in WWI. Cold War West allied to Saudis etc; armed Afghan Muslims vs USSR.
3) In the 1990s, the Western powers failed to defend Catholic Croatia in 1991 but went to war to defend Muslim Kosovars in 1999. Western appeasement of Milosevic was rooted in conservative realism (siding with established regional strongman) and the 'line of least resistance’.
The establishment of Balkan academic specialists in the West played a role in the 1990s wars that was every bit as inglorious as the role of the Western political establishment. This shameful legacy has cast a shadow over former-Yugoslavia studies in the West ever since [thread]
2) An institution such as the School of Slavonic and East European Studies (SSEES) should have been a bastion of opposition to the genocide and to the West's collusion in it, but barring one or two honourable exceptions, the silence coming from its staff was deafening.
3) Former Yugoslavia academic experts from the Titoist and pro-Chetnik wings closed ranks vs Albanian, Croat and Slovene 'separatism' and Western military intervention. See Carole Hodge’s classic text ‘The Serb lobby in the UK’ balkanwitness.glypx.com/Hodge-SerbLobb…