Christopher W. Jones Profile picture
Oct 8 10 tweets 2 min read Twitter logo Read on Twitter
As the extent of the massacre at the Music Festival of Peace becomes apparent, lots of analysts seem to have trouble understanding the decision by Hamas to embrace ISIS-style tactics.

I think there's a very clear brutal calculus going on here.
From Anwar Sadat up to the present, Israeli-Arab decisions towards normalization has always been a triangular calculation recognizing the unlikelihood of military victory over Israel versus the economic benefits of peace with Israel and improved relations with the USA.
Against the slow tide of normalization that began in 1979 and continues to the present, groups like Hamas and Hezbollah have always argued "no, armed struggle can still work, just give us a chance."

But winning is the only thing that makes this argument convincing.
Tension arises because projecting victimhood - the most successful Palestinian diplomatic strategy - requires *not* winning.

Hamas had to choose one route or the other, and chose to go full ISIS.
But how is slaughtering hundreds of civilians winning? Because in simple terms of raw power, they've done something Israel was powerless to stop. They've hurt Israel. That's what matters.

This is the "resistance" that many are euphemistically posting about today.
Will it provoke a massive Israeli response? Certainly. Will it undermine Palestinian diplomatic standing in the West. Yes. Does this matter? Not as long as Hamas' government in Gaza survives.
Netanyahu's goal was to manage the Gaza conflict at a sustainable level indefinitely. That's now been exposed as impossible.
I see many comments calling this a suicide mission by Hamas.

This is based on the assumption that Hamas will inevitably lose if the IDF embarks on a full invasion of Gaza.

That is not an assumption that should be made.
Hezbollah fought the IDF to a draw in 2006.

Hamas has been steadily increasing its military capabilities, gaining experience from every war.

They have had over a decade and a half to prepare the ground.

New tech such as drones and ATGMs heavily favor the defender.
A conventional battlefield victory by Hamas inside Gaza is entirely possible.

I don't think the Hamas leadership would have launched yesterday's attack if they thought otherwise.

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More from @cwjones89

Oct 8
Today I woke up to a picture of a street in Ashkelon that I used to walk down regularly on the front page of CNN, aflame and littered with burned-out cars.

I've been stunned. As a sense-making exercise for myself, here's a brief 🧵with some thoughts on what this means:
A great strategic threat to Hamas is that the Sunni Arab countries will choose to set the Palestine issue aside and normalize ties with Israel. This has already happened with the UAE, Bahrain, Sudan, and Morocco.
Recently there have been reports of the Biden administration mediating further productive talks with Saudi Arabia. Saudi Arabia is the holy grail of efforts for Sunni Arab-Israel rapprochement, because of Saudi Arabia's influence throughout the Sunni world.
Read 15 tweets
Jun 13
Finally had a chance to read "Sailing Close to the Wind," Philip Beale's account of the 2008-2010 Phoenicia Expedition, meant to recreate the circumnavigation of Africa by a Phoenician fleet commissioned by Pharaoh Neco II c. 600 BC which is attested only by Herodotus. Image
The ship was based on the Marseille 4 wreck (also called Jules Verne 7), which is a late 6th century wreck found near the Greek colony of Massalia. This caused the expedition to receive some criticism, but Greek and Phoenician shipbuilding probably wasn't that different.
However they had some serious problems with the steering oars, requiring modifications in the Red Sea.

And, um, adding an engine with a propeller as a last resort. And a center rudder.

Not something the Phoenicians could have done.
Read 16 tweets
Jun 12
I've got a new article out in the latest NABU based on an idea that came to me while writing a presentation for one of our @ANEE_Helsinki meetings in April (no. 24, p. 56-59): sepoa.fr/nabu-2023/

To where did Merodach-baladan flee in 700 BC?
In short, Sennacherib's royal inscriptions of his fourth campaign against Bit-Yakin say that when he invaded Merodach-baladan II loaded his gods into a boat and "fled like a bird to Nagīti-raqqi which is in the middle of the sea." Image
Most scholars have identified Nagīti-raqqi (literally, "turtle island") as an island in the swamps of southern Mesopotamia, where the Tigris and Euphrates meet the Persian Gulf.
Read 12 tweets
Apr 20
Why does premodern history matter?

Here's a slide from day 1 of my World History before 1500 class (unabashedly Braudelian PPT).

"Events" are what most people think of when they think of studying history. But how to determine the causes of events? Image
"Trends" ("conjunctures" in Annales terminology) are things which change only slowly over time: family and social structures, technology, religious ideas, the economy, etc.

The "longue durée" refers to things like geography and the environment, which change very, very slowly.
Here's the thing: Conjunctures heavily influence what events are possible, but in order to study Conjuntures you need to study change in human societies over hundreds or thousands of years.

Only pre-modern scholars do that.
Read 7 tweets
Apr 17
🧵How scholars of imperialism got Assyria wrong.

Assyria was the first territorial empire in world history. It was the first empire to directly rule the majority of its territory rather than rely on vassals.

Yet, its place in world history has largely gone unrecognized.
Other empires which came before - Sargon of Akkad, Šamši-Adad, Hammurabi, Mitanni, the Kassites, Hittites, New Kingdom Egypt - primarily ruled over territory through local vassals who paid tribute and otherwise governed their own internal affairs. Image
The weakness of this system is that if your vassals all gang up on you at once, your empire is done for. This is what happened to Mitanni and Egypt. It's also what happened to the first Assyrian empire (Middle Assyrian). Image
Read 14 tweets
Feb 8
New Assyria🧵 this week!

The Afterlife of Nimrod

Last week's thread and my new article argue that the figure of Nimrod in the Bible was a reaction to the role of Sargon of Akkad in Assyrian literary propaganda.

However, use of Akkadian and the cuneiform script became rare during the Persian Empire. After the time of Alexander the Great its use was mostly confined to temples.

By the 1st century AD, cuneiform died out entirely. No one would read cuneiform again until the 19th century.
And so, knowledge of Sargon of Akkad was lost.

All that was left were the brief Bible passages about Nimrod. And what could they tell us?

1) Nimrod was a king and mighty warrior.
2) He was a mighty hunter.
3) He ruled Mesopotamia.
4) His name has some connection to rebellion. Image
Read 30 tweets

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