1/ Bear market rallies are notoriously violent and abrupt. And last week was among the most violent and abrupt of them all. While implied vol cratered over the week, and betrayed zero interest in hedging for the weekend, the price behavior left us searching for analogs.
2/ One of the more interesting charts that came out of our weekend work was the behavior of skew for the $NDX.
3/ Remember that skew is a measure of how "non-normal" a distribution is. A normal distribution does a oor job of describing equity returns; they tend to exhibit "fat tails" as popularized by Nassim Taleb in his work.
4/ Inevitably, we focus on the left tail dynamics. But occasionally, markets become extremely RIGHT-tail skewed – especially during secular bear markets.
That's right. We said it.
5/ In the 1998-2001 "skew bull," markets rose in a nearly uninterrupted manner, causing skew to "gain" both from dropping off the events of 1998 AND from an increasingly "right-tailed" bias.
6/ While we think it's important to note that the NDX of 1998-2001 had a large element of "meme" stock to it, the general outline looks similar (just imagine switching to ARKK in 2020-21):
7/ And while we're switching indices to $SPX in this next chart, the character of distributions of returns has shifted markedly despite similarities in skew.
8/ From June 1998- Dec 2001, the S&P500 was totally unchanged; from Dec 2019-Nov 6, 2023 the S&P500 is up 35% cumulatively. The difference in the return distributions is night and day, however:
9/ Unfortunately, this fits with the theories of @profplum99 on the influence of passive and simply raises the risks that the next stage in this market is a reintroduction of negative skew. Hold on to your butts.
@peter_s1981
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1/ With Jackson Hole now in focus, the fears of an overdone bond market rally chilled bond investor outlooks. Markets moved from pricing four rate cuts by Christmas to 3.9, an implied rate level of 4.4%. Remember that last December, the implied rate was 3.75% for the same date.
2/ In clockwork fashion, Europe has seen its implied December rate rise from 2.26% to 3% over the same period as Central Banks around the world have continued to manage interest rate policy with an eye towards currency stability (BOJ excepted) rather than economic performance.
3/ As a result, rate vol has remained elevated while all other asset volatility plumps all-time lows:
In this context, the rise of carry strategies and other "short volatility" trades is understandable, but the returns to these strategies have deteriorated.
Two days after the largest single-day intraday increase in $VIX in history, we had one of the biggest vol declines in history. Predictably, $SPX rallied.
But let's be clear, this event has likely changed the calculus on many strategies.
2/ Actively managed, and thoughtfully hedged short-vol products performed admirably. But many high performing strategies in an era of low vol sensitivity simply "blew up" (technical term). I'm looking at you, Dispersion.
3/ The aftermath however, leaves short volatility looking decidedly worse for wear as this was the largest single decrease in the SPX "beta" to VIX in available history:
1/ Looking at implied correlation, the 10 delta put (crash put) is still barely pricing any correlation in the $SPX, again somewhat odd in the context of 80% of the $SPX moving in the same direction yesterday.
2/ As a reminder, implied correlation can be thought of as the "discount" in $SPX volatility for the diversification benefit of the index. Yesterday's realized diversification benefit was low, but the market views this as a temporary condition.
3/ For all the focus on the $VIX, however, the surprising outcome from yesterday was the spike higher in rate vol as bonds again sold off alongside equities.While equity vol has been cheap, rate volatility (the $MOVE index), has persisted expensive since 2021.
1/ The current upward trends of the $VIX and $SPX echo the dynamics of the Taper Tantrum, an event set into motion in 2013 by Ben Bernanke's challenge to the established "lower for forever" outlook in rate markets.
2/ In the space of a month, risk-free rates rose by 100bps AND credit spreads widened by 100bps, leaving very little imprint on the "safe" $SPX, but causing moderate chaos in fixed income markets.
3/ The current relationship between rates and equities is flipped (note the right axis is inverted), but a similar challenge appears underway... can we reconcile lower rates with runaway bull markets or is the Fed going to have to intervene? Or, perhaps this time, the correction comes the other way.
1/ It seems fitting that the final course of business for 2023 is the roll of the JPMorgan "collar trade" tied to their popular hedged equity product, $JEHQX, a $17B AUM behemoth in the derivatives space. 🧵
2/ The fact that we are regularly describing their positions should be a bit of a warning sign -- there's only so much notional size that can be deployed in simple strategies.
3/ And with many seeing these trades well in advance, the natural temptation is to play the equivalent of the "index inclusion" game and play the rebalance.
Dealers remain excessively short-gamma with around $1.7 billion to hedge per index point. This level puts us back near the max amount of negative Gamma we've seen this year and close to record levels since 2018.
2/ While that might seem scary, remember that around half of this Gamma is tied to weekly options, which are being hedged with further out-of-the-money contracts rather than hitting the futures market.
These hedging flows have contributed to the massive jump in 0dte volumes.
3/ That also means short-dated gamma is modestly less dangerous as far as contagion risk, as long as market makers can stay delta-hedged within the window of liquid options, which are created by CBOE several weeks in advance.